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Cardiovascular p.2 Celine Cercado - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular p.2 Celine Cercado
Major components and functions of the Blood
type of connective tissue mixed with plasma.
blood is different types, only certain combinations are compatible for transfusion.
transports oxygen, nutrients to body, removes metabolic waste & carbon dioxide
helps maintain & distribute heat & homeostasis
contains; red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, & plasma
red and white blood cells, & platelets are known as the formed elements
ABO, Rh blood types
ABO groups
Antigen A and Antigen B
Type A blood
has antigen A on RBC membranes and anti-B antibodies in plasma
Type B
B antigen on RBC membranes and ant-A antibodies in plasma
Type AB
A and B antigen on RBC membrane, neither type of antibodies in plasma
universal recipient
Type O
neither antigens in RBC membrane, both types of antibodies in plasma
universal donor
Rh groups
rhesus monkey
Antigen D
if present Rh positive
absent Rh negative
Anti- Rh antibodies
no corresponding antibodies in plasma
person with Rh negative blood comes in physical contact with someone who is Rh positive
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
consists of heart and blood vessels
vital for supplying oxygen & nutrients to tissue & removing waste from it.
Contains arteries, veins and capillaries
poor oxygen is carried out by pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit travels oxygen-rich to body cells
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
Chambers
2 upper atria
recieve blood back from the heart
Right atrium and Left atrium
2 lower ventricles
Right and left ventricle
Valve
both sides have atrioventricular valve
tricuspid valve (right side)
opening between right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid valve (left side)
also known as the mitral... opening between left atrium and left ventricle
right ventricle
thinner wall than the left ventricle
Pulmonary valve
aortic valve
entrance to the aorta
coronary sinus
drains blood from the myocardium
Layers of the heart
Coverings
Pericardium
membranous sac encloses the heart
fibrous pericardium
outer, tough, connective tissue
Serous pericardium
inner most delicate, double layered
Parietal pericardium
outer layer of serous membrane
inner surface of fibrous pericardium
Visceral pericardium
inner layer of serious membrane
covers the heart
pericardial cavity
space between visceral and partial layers
contains serous fluid for reducing between the layers
Wall
3 layers
Epicardium
outermost layer
serous membrane made up connective tissue and epithelium
decreases friction in heart
Myocardium
middle layer
consists of muscle & thickest layer of heart wall
pumps blood out of heart chambers
Endocardium
inner layer
connective tissue & epithelium
contains the Purkinje fibers
Blood flow through the heart and body
Superior and inferior vena cava
brings blood back from the systemic circuit to the right atrium
Right atrium
Oxygen-poor blood is received from vena cavas and forces to tricuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
blood forced in via right atrium and travels through right ventricle
Right ventricle
forced blood through the pulmonary valve
Pulmonary valve
travels into pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
(Pulmonary trunk) carry blood to lungs
Lungs
oxygenates the blood and sends to pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins
picks up oxygenated blood from lungs and sends to left atrium
Left Atrium
blood flows in and forces into Bicuspid valve
Bicuspid Valve
(Mitral) blood travels through here and into the left ventricle
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood into the valve
Aortic Valve
travels blood into the aorta
Aorta
Flows blood into the body
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,
capillaries)
Arteries
travels blood away from the heart
strong, elastic vessels
become smaller as the divided
Veins
travels blood tot he heart
transports blood under relatively low pressure
Capillaries
vessels an between arteries and veins
smallest diameter
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
ECG
Recording of electrical changes that occur in Cardiac cycle
P Wave
1st wave
depolarization of atria
leads to contraction of atria
QRS complex
depolariaztion of ventricles
leads to contraction of ventricles
repolarization of atria occurs during QRS complex
T wave
ventricular repolarization
leads to ventricular relaxation
Cardiac Cycle
pressure within the heart rises and falls with contraction and relaxation of atria & ventricles
opens and closes heart valves
70 % blood flow from atria into ventricles before atria contract
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Arteries
strong elastic vessels for carrying blood high pressure blood
middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
Arterioles
thinner wall than artery
small arterioles have an endothelial lining
smooth muscle tissue
small amount of connective tissue
Capillaries
blood vessels with smaller diameter
consists only of layer of endothelium
Venules
leading from capillaries merge to form larger veins
thinner than arterioles
less smooth muscle
Veins
thinner wall than artery with smaller layers
middle layer is much thinner
have flaplike valves
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
Blood pressure
BP
refers to systemic arterial pressure
exists all through the cardiovascular system
Pulse
common pulse points; radial artery, carotid artery, brachial artery, & femoral artery
alternating expansion & recoil of wall of artery as ventricle contract & relax can be felt at certain points in body
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Myocardial infarction( Heart attack)
Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Causes
blood clot
high blood pressure
obesity
Symptoms
chest pains
sweating
heart palpitations
Treatment
open heart surgery
lifestyle change
coronary bypass
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Arteries narrow & reduce blood flow to extremities
Causes
limb trauma
smoking
obesity
Symptoms
leg and arm pain
weak pulse
hair loss on arms and legs
Treatment
medication
Bypass surgery
lifestyle changes
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)
blood to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Cause
clogged arteries
age/ race
Diabetes
Symptoms
severe headache
memory loss
confusion
Treatment
Blood thinners
Physical therapy
lifestyle changes
Endocarditis & Myocarditis
Inflammation to the heart
Causes
heart valve damage
recent surgery
Virus bacterial, fungal infection
Symptoms
chest pains
Fatigue
Fever
Treatment
Medication
reduced activity
Antibiotics
Congenital Heart Disease
Issue with heart structure or function present from birth
Causes
Tricuspid artesia
Aortic stenis
Pulmonary Stenosis
Symptoms
cyanosis common
May cause death
May be asymptomatic
Treatment
Medication
Surgical intervention
Some abnormalities may heal on their own