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Technologies needed to ensure security of electricity supply in an…
Technologies needed to ensure security of electricity supply in an intermittent power system
Historical context
Massive development of nuclear energy from 1980 to 2000
Today's French electricity production is mainly nuclear (~70%)
Around one quarter of nuclear reactors to be shut down by 2035 due to ageing
Late renewable energy development except for hydroelectricity
Decline in Frensh industrialisation since the 1990s
New industrial and environmental challenges in the early 2000s
Political aspects
The Multiannual Programme of Energy
Goals to lowering energy consumption through improvements and renovation of housing, transport, industry and also taxation of emissions
Energy infrastructures
Objective is to reduce the proportion of nuclear power in electricity production to 50% by 2035
Objective to doubling renewable energy production by 2028
Which technologies to invest in?
Social Issues
Which options require which costs?
Which option is the least expensive for the consumer?
What inconvenience do we choose to have?
Dependence on imports? (electricity, metals, combustible)
Nuclear waste management?
Landscape modified by wind turbines, and high voltage lines?
Conflict of land and sea use?
Environmental Issues
Which options lead to which amount of GHG emissions?
What is the optimal solution from a climate point of view?
What other pollutions should be taken into account? Mining pollution, radioactive waste, ...
Which ones have chosen to produce?
How to deal with them?