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Cardiovascular System By Vanessa Martinez Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System By Vanessa Martinez Period 1
Layers Of The Heart
The outer layer of the heart wall is the epicardium, the middle layer is the myocardium, and the inner layer is the endocardium.
Blood Flow
: deoxygenated blood comes in thought the superior and inferior vena cava. Into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. Through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery and into the lungs.
Oxygenated blood goes through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, through the mitral valve, into the left ventricle. Through the aortic semi-lunar valve and into the aorta, which proceeds to distribute oxygenated blood throughout the whole body.
Blood vessels flow throughout our body.
Arteries
: transport blood away from the heart.
The walls of arteries are thicker than the walls of veins
-more smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
Veins
: return blood back toward the heart
Vein walls are thinner and less elastic than arteries walls.
-The pressure is not great
there are valves within the lumen of veins to prevent the backflow of blood
Capillaries
: surround body cells and tissue to deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients, and other substances. - tiny vessels that branch out from arterioles to form NETWORKS around body cells.
absorb CO2 & other waste products from the tissues and then flow the deoxygenated blood into veins.
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
During a cardiac cycle a wave of depolarization passes from the atrial pacemaker cells over the atrium and down the AV bundle to spread through the ventricular myocardial syncytium. Potentials from the heart are transmitted through the tissues and can be detected by electrodes to give an ECG recording
Has 3 stages:
Atrial and Ventricular diastole (chambers are relaxed and filling with blood)
Atrial systole (atria contract and remaining blood is pushed into ventricles)
Ventricular systole (ventricles contract and push blood out through aorta and pulmonary artery)
Major components and functions of Blood
Main Components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Functions: transport oxygen & nutrients to the lungs and tissue, forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.
-carrying cells and antibodies
-bringing waste products to the kidneys
-regulating blood temp.
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular system
supply of nutrients and the removal of waste
Circulates OXYGEN and removes Carbon Dioxide.
Provides cells with NUTRIENTS.
Removes the waste products of metabolism to the excretory organs for disposal.
Protects the body against disease and infection.
Clotting stops bleeding after injury.
Vital Signs
Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems. Vital signs can be measured in a medical setting, at home, at the site of a medical emergency, or elsewhere.
Body temperature: Can be taken: orally, rectally,axillary,by ear and by skin.
Hypothermeria= < 95 degrees.
Fever => 98 degrees
Pulse rate: measurement of the the heart rate by: Heart rhythm, and the strenght of the pulse.
Healthy = 60-100 beats per minute
Respiration rate (rate of breathing): Normal breathes = 12- 16 breathes per minute.
Blood pressure (Blood pressure is not considered a vital sign, but is often measured along with the vital signs.): Recorded using a mercury manometer or sphygmomanometer
ABO , Rh blood types:
The ABO group consists of four possibilities: A, B, AB, and O. The Rh type is either positive or negative.
AB Positive
blood types are universal because they can recieve any ABO or Rh in a blood transfusion.
O Negative
are universal DONORS because their blood can safely transfuse to someone else with any ABO or Rh blood types.
Four major categories
are A, B, O, and AB
Anatomy of the Heart
Inside of heart
:Superior and inferior vena cava
-right auricle, atrium, ventricle
-left auricle, atrium, ventricle,
Tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulonary artery
Mitral valve, aortic valve, aorta
pulmonary vein, septum
Exterior anterior and posterior
: Interventricular septum, brachiocephalic trunk, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary vein, aorta, vena cava, apex, base, coronary artery, left common corticoid arter, left subclavian artery, pulmonary artery.
Major blood vessels of the heart
:
right pulmonary artery
superior vena cava
right pulmonary veins
pulmonary trunk artery
inferior vena cava
aorta
left pulmonary artery
left pulmonary vein
descending aorta
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
:
Coronary artery disease:vascular injury with cholesterol plaque buildup in the arteries
High blood pressure: (hypertension) is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease
cardiac arrest: when the heart stops beating suddenly
HHT: a serious condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as efficiently as it should
HHT is a disorder in which some blood vessels do not develop properly. A person with HHT may form blood vessels without the capillaries (tiny blood vessels that pass blood from arteries to veins) that are usually present between arteries and veins.
arrthymia; irregular heartbeat.
peripheral artery disease: the narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs