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Blood Flow - Coggle Diagram
Blood Flow
Blood vessels
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Capillary 
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Heart Structure
1 Arteries and veins: Tidy up the blood vessels attached to the heart by removing membranes and other tissue from around them. Identify the thick-walled arteries and the thin-walled veins.
Pulmonary artery and aorta: Push a glass rod or other blunt-ended instrumentinto the heart through the arteries and feelthrough the wall of the heart to where the endof the rod has reached. Identify the pulmonaryartery, through which you will reach thethinner-walled right ventricle, and the aortathrough which you will reach the thicker-walledleft ventricle.
Dorsal and ventral sides:Lay the heart so that the aorta is behind thepulmonary artery, as in gure 9. The ventralside is now uppermost and the dorsal sideunderneath. The dorsal side of an animal isits back.
Left ventricle: Identify the left ventricle. It has a smooth wall,with a tree-like pattern of blood vessels. Using asharp scalpel, make an incision as shown by thedashed line X in gure 9. This should open up theleft ventricle. Look at the thick muscular wall thatyou have cut through.
Atrioventricular valve: Extend the incision further towards the atriumif necessary until you can see the two thin aps of the atrioventricular valve. Tendons attached to the sides of the left ventricle prevent the valve inverting into the atrium
Left atrium and pulmonary vein: Identify the left atrium. It will look surprisinglysmall as there is no blood inside it. The outersurface of its wall has a wrinkled appearance.Extend the incision that you have already made,either with the scalpel or with scissors, to cutthrough the wall of the left atrium as far as thepulmonary vein. Look at the thin wall of theatrium and the opening of the pulmonary vein orveins (there may be two)..
Aorta: Find the aorta again and measure the diameterof its lumen, in millimetres. Using scissors, cutthrough the wall of the aorta, starting at its endand working towards the left ventricle. Look atthe smooth inner surface of the aorta and trystretching the wall to see how tough it is.
Semilunar valve:Where the aorta exits the left ventricle, therewill be three cup-shaped aps in the wall. Theseform the semilunar valve. Try pushing a bluntinstrument into the aps to see how bloodowing backwards pushes the aps together,closing the valve.
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