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chemical anylsis - Coggle Diagram
chemical anylsis
flame tests
Nichrome wire cleaned with conc. HCl & flame dipped in acid then cation; held over roaring flame Li+ - Crimson Red Na+ - Yellow K+ - Lilac Ca(2+) - Orange-Red Cu(2+) - Green F.In mixtures, some flames can be masked; Na+ is quite the dominant flame. NaOH test, White precipitates - Al(soluble), Ca(Or/Re flame), Mg Cu (II) - Blue precipitate Fe (II) - Green precipitate Fe (III) - Brown precipitate N
gas tests
Chlorine- Dip damp blue litmus paper in gas Paper turns red briefly, then white
C02- Bubble gas through lime water, Limewater turns milky
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anions test
Carbonates- Dilute acid + CO3- produces water, CO2 (Group 1 Carbonates soluble); salts also produced Limewater - CaOH + CO2 = CaCO3 + H2O
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Halides- Add nitric acid (dissolve compound, removes CO3-) Add silver nitrate to react w/ halides - precipitate forms I- : Yellow Br- : Cream precipitate Cl- : White precipitate
Can help identify amino acids Has a mobile phase, stationary phase Stronger affinity to mobile = further travel Stronger affinity to stationary = less travel Mobile - solvent chosen; Stationery - paper etc. Helps recognise mixtures from pure substances Process Compare unknown w/ known substances Retention factor - effective measurement of substances Percentage of solvent distance covered by substance Same Temp. & solvent - same Rf (retention factor)