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Gene expression - Coggle Diagram
Gene expression
central dogma: the process by which the instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product
transcription:DNA is copied to produce a transcript called mrna
translation
DNA
nucleic acid, which is a polymer of individual monomers known as nucleotides
base pairings
Rna- uracil and adenine, cytosine and guanine
Dna-cytosine and guanine; thymine and adenine
genetic engineering
Is adding genes that wouldn’t usually be there.
Recombinant DNA-The new genetic material in the bacteria
RNA
a nucleic acid, which is a polymer of individual monomers known as nucleotides.
codons
Starts codon-AUG
Stop codon-UAA
Use codon wheel to find amino acids
rna types
mRNA - Messenger RNA: the instructions for making a protein are encoded within its sequence of nucleotides.
tRNA - Transfer RNA: attaches to amino acids and then transfers them to the ribosome during translation
rRNA - Ribosomal RNA: combines with ribosomal proteins to make up the actual ribosome
snRNA-Small Nuclear RNA: Small RNA molecules that regulate DNA expression in eukaryotic cells
protein synthesis
the process of creating protein molecules
initiation
Mrna enters the cytoplasm
Trna with starts codon binds with 2 ribosomal subunits to form the ribosome and sart translation
The ribosome has 3 site, A-amino state, P=polypeptide site, E exit site where the ribosome
elongation
tRNA moves from to the A to P site and a polypeptide is added to the growing chain
When the tRNA was no longer in the amino acid it moved to the e site and leaves the ribosome
Amino acids join to make a peptide bond
termination
Stop codon doesn’t code for amino acid
Trna with the stop codon joined the a site and A releases it and the ribosomes falls apart