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Criminal psychology - Coggle Diagram
Criminal psychology
Social explanations-
Labelling- With humans, the label given to us enable us to make judgments about what's going on inside- so if a persons labelled a 'deviant' that will come to define them and affect how society behaves towards them.
Howard Becker - labelling theory- concerned with why and how some actions become labelled as criminal in the first place. Argues that powerful groups in society creates deviance by making up rules and applying them to people they see as 'outsiders'- crime is a 'social construct'.
Self-fulfilling prophecy- takes the step of labelling further. Describing students as 'clever' 'lazy' etc can have far reaching consequences in terms of their eventual achievement.
- peoples exceptions are put on a label, which are then internalised, and become 'real', and changes peoples behaviour towards them.
-label someone 'deviant'- they see themselves that way due to response of others- makes the behaviour more likely- feeling isolated, they seek support from these 'deviant' groups- confirming this criminal identity.
Social learning:
Observational learning- you have to learn actions such as breaking into a car, so the behaviour must be attended to, recalled and the offender must then have the skill and capacity to perform the behaviour successfully.
Vicarious reinforcement- if criminal behaviour is to be imitated, it has to be seen to be rewarded (acquisition of money or status).
role models- young offenders may be susceptible to the influence of role models - more likely if identification takes place - look up to a gang leader.
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