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Bonding and Structure- Chapter 3 Part 2, Cl ---- Cl - Coggle Diagram
Bonding and Structure-
Chapter 3
Part 2
Covalent bonding:
This kind of bonding usually occurs when
non- metals share electrons.
There is
no give or take of electrons:
electrons are only shared.
Elements exist as atoms in a molecule/ covalent compound.
E.g.
H2
(Hydrogen molecule).
Bonds are weaker.
Bonds:
A bond is
formed between atoms while sharing the electrons in the outermost energy level to attain stability.
Single bond: 1 pair of electron is shared
Double bond: 2 pair of electrons is shared.
Triple bond: 3 pair of electrons are shared.
Other covalent compounds:
Methane: (CH4)
Methane forms a
tetrahedral structure
because 4 pairs of hydrogen repel each other.
Carbon forms 4 single bonds with 4 hydrogen atoms.
Ammonia: (NH3)
Each
nitrogen atom shared an electron with 3 hydrogen atoms
, shaped like a
pyramid
. It forms 3 single covalent bonds.
Water: (H2O)
Oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons
, forming a water molecule with
2 single covalent bonds
.
The
shape is different than that of methane
because 2 bonding pairs repel more than the 2 non bonding pairs, and thus they are pushed together.
Cl ---- Cl