Group process, Cohesion and leadership

group dynamics

forming- is a group coming together.

storming- is the conflict that happens within a group.

norming- group comes together and achieves goals.

preforming- effectively performing as a group.

negative aspects of a group

social loafing

  • reduction in individuals effort when involved in a group situation. usually down to motivation, usually occurs when evaluation of performance does not exist.
    -highly anxious.
    -fear of failure.
    -lack of confidence.

different types of teams:

-interactive teams- have to communicate in order to be successful (football, netball, basketball)
-coactive teams- don't really have to communicate e.g. team GB, all have different events.

process losses:

there are 2 types of losses due to faulty group processes

Co-ordination

-operational effectiveness of group cannot be maintained during the game/match.

-strategies or tactics go wrong due to positional error or bad timing (lineout's, penalty corners, and free kicks).

Motivational losses

-reduction or effort causing someone to coast.

-might think task is too difficult or have had a bad experience.

-duplication of roles.

cohesion

Task cohesion:

the degree to which group members are united in achieving the common goal, such as winning.

Social cohesion:

the degree to which group members like each other and get on, with mutual trust.

Cohesion definition: A dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick and remain united.

leadership

types of leadership styles:

democratic- encourages decision making from different perspectives- taking on board other peoples views.

Autocratic- leader makes decisions without reference to anyone else- high degree of dependency on the leader -may be valid in some types of business where decisions need to be made quickly.

2 types of leaders:

Emergent- emerge from group due to respect and support of team. E.g. captains (usually high in ability and experienced)

Prescribed- appointed by someone in authority. E.g. managers, teachers and coaches.