Group process, Cohesion and leadership
group dynamics
forming- is a group coming together.
storming- is the conflict that happens within a group.
norming- group comes together and achieves goals.
preforming- effectively performing as a group.
negative aspects of a group
social loafing
- reduction in individuals effort when involved in a group situation. usually down to motivation, usually occurs when evaluation of performance does not exist.
-highly anxious.
-fear of failure.
-lack of confidence.
different types of teams:
-interactive teams- have to communicate in order to be successful (football, netball, basketball)
-coactive teams- don't really have to communicate e.g. team GB, all have different events.
process losses:
there are 2 types of losses due to faulty group processes
Co-ordination
-operational effectiveness of group cannot be maintained during the game/match.
-strategies or tactics go wrong due to positional error or bad timing (lineout's, penalty corners, and free kicks).
Motivational losses
-reduction or effort causing someone to coast.
-might think task is too difficult or have had a bad experience.
-duplication of roles.
cohesion
Task cohesion:
the degree to which group members are united in achieving the common goal, such as winning.
Social cohesion:
the degree to which group members like each other and get on, with mutual trust.
Cohesion definition: A dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick and remain united.
leadership
types of leadership styles:
democratic- encourages decision making from different perspectives- taking on board other peoples views.
Autocratic- leader makes decisions without reference to anyone else- high degree of dependency on the leader -may be valid in some types of business where decisions need to be made quickly.
2 types of leaders:
Emergent- emerge from group due to respect and support of team. E.g. captains (usually high in ability and experienced)
Prescribed- appointed by someone in authority. E.g. managers, teachers and coaches.