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Art in the second half of the 19th century, image, image, image, image,…
Art in the second half of the 19th century
During the second half of the 19th century
art reflected the
technological
changes
taking place in Europe during industrialisation
social
economic
new architectural tendencies
use of materials provided by the new industries
the beginning of modern architecture
CAST-IRON ARCHITECTURE
a form of architecture
prominent between 1850 and 1890
which used iron as a building material
the Eiffel Tower in Paris
designed by Gustave Eiffel
to commemorate the centenary of the French Revolution
the iron and steel industry
produced cast-iron
allowed the construction of large buildings with fewer supports
the Sante Geneviève library in Paris
train stations
Spain
Velázquez Bosco
built the Crystal Palace in Madrid
with a cast-iron structure and glass walls.
MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE
Between 1890 and 1920
a new architectural style developed in Europe
Modernist architecture
which used the new materials
reinforced concrete
construction and decorative materials
glass
iron
Modernist architects
designed every aspect of the building
interior and exterior elements
Curves and wavy lines
the predominant feature
with organic motifs
flowers
leaves
Europe
the Paris metro entrances were designed
by Hector Guimard
Spain
Antonio Gaudí
practised complete creative liberty
designed hexagonal balconies and curved structures
with concrete
most famous works
the Casa Batlló
the Casa Milà
all in Barcelona
the church of the Sagrada Familia
the Park Güell
REALISM
a cultural movement
developed in Europe between 1850 and 1870
Realist works
show scenes from everyday life
especially of the working class
a socially conscious art
it portrayed the hard working conditions of the labourers
the figures in the paintings were painted realistically
it reflected the social and economic situation
sculpture
bronze works of Constantin Meunier
painting
Jean François Millet
painted peasants
Honoré Daumier
painted the working class
Gustave Courbet
painted different social classes
Spain
an example of this artistic style
Martí i Alsina
He painted scenes of middle class life
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
From 1890 onwards
Impressionism was replaced by Post-Impressionism
This style had no common characteristics
each painter had their own style
most important Post-Impressionist artists
Vincent van Gogh
Edgar Degas
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Edgar Degas
he used geometric shapes
to depict real objects
cubes, cylinders and spheres
IMPRESSIONISM
a style of painting and to some extent, sculpture
it began in France in 1870
It was an experimental style
artists tried to create an impression' in the minds of the viewers
significantly different from traditional painting
the beginning of modern art
Impressionists
usually painted outside
painted scenes of everyday life
without any intention of conveying political or social messages
they depicted the effect of light on objects
at different times of the day
innovative technique
unmixed colours
paint was applied in thick, overlapping layers, with fast, loose brushstrokes
the viewer's eye that mixed the colours
most important Impressionists
Claude Monet
Édouard Manet
August Renoir
in Spain
August Renoir
Dario Regoyos
in sculpture
Auguste Rodin
abandoned proportional representation of figures
exaggerated facial expressions
