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The decline of the Spanish Empire - Coggle Diagram
The decline of the Spanish Empire
Economi crisis, military and political problems
Military problems
Diplomatic policy was used to end conflicts. Agreements were reached with England(se hicieron acuerdos con England) and the Twelve Years Truce(1609) was signed in teh Netherlands
The revolts of 1640
Portugal
The revelion was driven by Duke of Braganza(the king of the Portugals independecists). They had the support of France and England
Spain recognised(reconoció) Portuguese independence in 1668
Catalonia
They didn't want to pay more taxes, nor house the troops. This led to a peasants revolt, but the ruling class(clase dominante) joined the revellion and put Catalonia under Fance rule
Rebellion ended when Philip IV occupied Barcelona(1652)
The Thirty Years War started in 1618 between Flanders and the Spanish monarchy
The conflict ended with the defeat of Spanish troops in 1648. They signed the Peace of Westphalia, this recognised(reconoció) the independence of the north of the Netherlands
French vs Spain
In 1659, the Peace of the Pyreness was signed and the Spanish Empire lost territories in the Netherlalnds
In 1678 the Treaty of Nijmegen was signed
Political problems
Philip III, Philip IV and Charles II were not interesed in government
This monarchs delegated their functions to their favourites(validos) who acted as heads of government
Valido of Philip IV
Count-Duke of Olivares
He prepared a comprehenstive programme of reforms with the goal of making royal power stronger
Valido of Charles II
John of Austria
He used his military prestige to become a valido
Valido of Philip III
Duke of Lerma
He influence in the expulsion of the Moriscos
Economic crisis
The metals that came from America were to finance the armies , but the American mines started to run out(quedarse sin) of precius metals. The monarchy had to borrow(pedir prestado) money from foreign(extranjero) bankers and raise(aumentar) taxes.
These measures(medidas) did not generate enough money to cover the monarchy's expenses, and the treasury had to declare itself bankrup(unable to pay their debts(deudas)).
Population decline
Continuous wars, which caused a high number of deaths
Emigration to America and the expulsion of the Moriscos
The spanish Inquisition accused them of pracctising their religion. In 1609, Philip III(Duke of Lerma) decided to expuls the Moorish from Spanish kingdoms(territorios Españoles)
A series of poor harvests(cosechas pobres) which produced major famines(situation in which many people do noot have enough food to eat
Population decline was accompanied by economic crisis across(a traves de) all sectors
Industry and trade, the kingdom produced raw(crudo) materials but did not turn(dirigirse a) theme into amnufactured goods. These were imported from aborad(el extranjero) and were heavily taxes(venian con unos impuestos enormes), making them too expesive(caro) for the increasing poor population.
These problems were in addition(sumar) to fewer(menos) shipments(envios) of gold and silver coming from the Indies. The reasury was forced to devalue the currency to lower costs and increase exports(Para devaluar la moneda para bajar los costos y aumentar las exportaciones)
In the country, peasants were charged(cargado) higher rents to compensate for rural depopulation
This led the poorest of them to migrate to the cities and live from begging(asking for food or money)