Cardiovascular System

Major components and functions of Blood

ABO, Rh blood types

Major functions of the cardiovascular system

Cardiac Cycle and the ECG

Layers of the heart

Blood flow through the heart and body

Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types

Anatomy of the heart

Major blood vessels

Vital signs

Disorders of the cardiovascular system

The major blood vessels are the Aorta- pulmonary artery- superior and inferior vena cava, -thoratic aorta- abdomincal aorta and the external jugular vein.

ABO blood groups are based on the presence of absence of two agglutiongens which are A and B.

Blood may contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies and the Rh factors are found on red blood cells that are RH positive.

To be RH negative they must not be present on the surface of a red blood cell.

If a person has a positive RH factor than they can get both bloods.

RH negative blood can only recieve RH negative blood

Anemia: blood has abnormally low O2 that means it can not carry a capacity for normal metablosim.

Leukemia: It is cancer that is caused from the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. It can cause death because of the dnagers of the cancer and infection.

Hemophilia: Bleeding disorder that caused blood clots and can lead to further damage.

Myocardial infarction (Heart attack): Prolonged coronary blockage. The areas of cell death are repaired w noncontractile scar tissue

Arrhythmias: irregular heart rythms: Fibrillation: rapid irregular contrations. Heart becomes unable to pump blood causing brain death.

Hypotension: Low blood pressure below 90/60 mm

Circulatory shock: Blood vessels inadequqaltey fill and therefore cannot circulate blood normally.

The heart depolarizes and contracts without nervous system stimulation, although rhythm can be altered by autnomic nervous system. The pacemaker of the heart is the SA node. It is teh pacemaker of the heart in the right atrial wall. It generates impulses about 75 x per min. The impulse spreads across atria and to AV node. The AV node is in the inferior interatrial septum.