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ART IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
ART IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Art
reflected the economic, technological and social changes
New architectural tendencies made use of materials provided by the new industries such as steel and concrete.
These new tendencies were the beginning of modern architecture.
The Chicago School
In 1871, a fire in the city of Chicago destroyed most of the city
A group of architects including William le Baron Jenney and Louis Sullivan redesigned the city.
first skyscrapers were built
Foundations were strengthened with reinforced concrete pillars
Lifts and telephones were incorporated to make communication easier.
Cast-iron architecture
a form of architecture prominent between 1850 and 1890,
used iron as a building material, such as the Eiffel Tower by Gustave Eiffel
iron and steel industry produced cast-iron, which allowed the construction of large buildings with fewer supports
The Sante Genevière library and train stations
In Spain, Velázquez Bosco built the Crystal Palace
Modernist architecture
Between 1890 and 1920
a new architectural style developed in Europe,
used the new materials such as iron, reinforced concrete and glass as construction and decorative materials.
designed every aspect of the building,
Curves and wavy lines were the predominant feature, with organic motifs
In Europe, the Paris metro entrances were designed Hector Guimard.
In Spain, Antonio Gaudí
he designed hexagonal balconies and curved structures with concrete.
the Casa Batlló, the Casa Milà, the church of the Sagrada Familia and the Park Güell
Realism
was a cultural movement (literary and artistic) which developed in Europe between 1850 and 1870
show scenes from everyday life, especially of the working class.
sculpture
Constantin Meunier (The forger)
Painting
Jean François Millet painted peasants (Angelus)
Honoré Daumier painted the working class (The washerwoman)
Gustave Courbet painted different social classes (The painter's studio).
In Spain
Martí i Alsina (La siesta)
Impressionism
was a style of painting and to some extent, sculpture, that began in France in 1870 and spread across Europe.
was an experimental style
significantly different from traditional painting and is considered to be the beginning of modern art.
usually painted outside, and they painted scenes of everyday life,
Artists depicted the effect of light on objects at different times of the day.
technique they used was innovative, using unmixed colours.
Paint was applied in thick, overlaooing layers, with fast, loose brushstrokes.
Most important
Claude Monet (Impression: sunrise)
Édouard Manet (A bar at the Folies-Bergère)
August Renoir (The swing)
In Spain
Joaquín Sorolla (Paseo a orillas del mar)
Dario Regoyos (Tendido de sombra).
Sculpture
Auguste Rodin (The burghers of Calais)
Post-impressionism
This style had no common characteristics because each painter had their own style.
most important
Vincent van Gogh
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Edgar Degas
Paul Cézanne
