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What meanings are associated with the term immersion ?, as subjective…
What meanings are associated with the term immersion ?
as a technology
1) As a property of the system
System Immersion (Slater 2003)
- A property of the technology mediating the experience. The higher the fidelity of displays and tracking, the greater the level of immersion.
metaphor: how deeply one is submerged into a body fluid
as subjective experience
3) As a response to narrative contents
3.1 Fictional immersion (Arsenault 2005)
- The sensation of being mentally absorbed by fictional stories, worlds or characters.
3.2 Psychological immersion (McMahan 2003)
- The mental absorption experiences during exposure to the world of a game's/film's story.
3.4 Narrative immersion (Ryan 2003;2008)
- A state of intense focus on the narrative; can be divided into 3 subcategories: immersion (elicited by a strong sense of place and the joy of exploration), Temporal immersion (caused by a desire to know what will happen next), and Emotional immersion (brought about emotional attachment to characters).
2) As a perceptual response to that system
Sensory Immersion (Ermi & Mäyrä 2005)
- The feeling of being surrounded bt the multi sensory rapresentation of virtual worlds delivered through large screens and powerful sounds.
metaphor: the subjective experience of being submerged
What meanings are associated with the term Presence ?
Seminal taxonomy of presence (Lombard & Ditton 1997)
- the perceptual illusion of nonmediation
as realism
as transportation
as immersion
as social actor whiten medium
as medium as social actor
1) SPATIAL PRESENCE- Three-pole model of presence (Biocca 2003)
- it is difficult to explain why individuals seemingly can experience presence while exposed to low-fidelity, nonionic media such as books.
Virtual space
Spatial space
Imagery space
Emotions can contribute to the sensation of being there
2) Three-dimensional model of attention (Waterworth 2001)
- focus of attention (between presence and absence) and the locus of at- tention (the virtual vs. the physical world). A third dimension is the sensus of attention—the level of arousal determining whether the observer is highly conscious or relatively uncon- scious while interacting with the environment.
Focus
Sensus
Locus
as social richness
Relation theories of presence and immersion of Nilsson N.C and Nordahl
This three theories rapresent multidimensional view of immersion