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Tundra Biome - Coggle Diagram
Tundra Biome
Human actions that effect tundra biome
Ice glaciers are falling in the tundra because of global warming.
- Water pipes are also being built for our needs.
- Now a few huts and houses are being built in the tundra biome.
The lakes are melting because of global warming.
- Oil and gas pipes are built too.
Because of the increasing global warming, tundras are melting slowly day by day.
- The population is increasing and now tundra towns and roads are being built.
They are letting oil go all over the place.
- Increase in pollution due to increase in population and towns and roads.
- There is so much dump in the tundra biome done by us humans.
Due to increase in population and towns and roads.
Arctic tundra
Components (Abiotic and Biotic Factors)
Abiotic ⬇
Biotic ⬆
Climate and Temperature
The arctic tundra has a very cold climate. Temperatures range from 15.5 °C in summer to -60 °C in winter. The winters are long and there are short summers.
Fauna
lemmings, voles, caribou, arctic hares, and squirrels, arctic foxes, wolves, and polar bears, cod, flatfish, salmon, and trout, ravens, snow buntings, moths, flies, mosquitoes………..etc.
Rainfall
Tundra regions typically get less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation annually
Soil
The soil in the Arctic is largely permafrost or soil that remains frozen year-round.
Location
Arctic tundra are found on high-latitude landmasses, above the Arctic Circle—in Alaska, Canada, Russia, Greenland, Iceland, and Scandinavia
Flora
Approximately 1,700 species of plants live on the Arctic tundra, flowering plants, dwarf shrubs, herbs, grasses, mosses, and lichens.
Interdependence
Food chain
The primary producers are the ice algae
The primary consumers are the krills.
The 2nd level consumers( carnivore consumers) are the Arctic cods.
The 3rd level consumers(carnivore consumers) are the ringed seal.
The top level consumers are the polar bears.
Food web
Symbiotic relationships
Mutualism -Algae and fungus are an example of mutualism as they both benefit from each other
Commensalism- An example of commensalism in arctic biomes is between polar bears and arctic fox as arctic fox is benefited however polar bear is not benefited or harmed.
Parasitism - Tapeworm and moose is an example of parasitism as tapeworm is benefited however moose is harmed.
Alpine tundra
Components(Abiotic and Biotic factors)
Climate and temperature - Temperatures normally drop by about 10 degrees C for every 1000 meters as you go up a mountain. The biome experiences a long, cold winter season, lasting about nine months
Animals - elk, marmots, mountain goats, pikas, sheep, grouse-like birds, beetles, butterflies, grasshoppers, and springtails, snow leopard, arctic hare.
Rainfall - The regions receive about one foot (30 cm) of precipitation annually.
Plants - Bear grass, Campion,Pygmy bitterroot, wild potato, Bristlecone pine, ect.
Location- Alpine tundra are located at very high elevations atop mountains, where overnight temperatures fall below freezing.
The Himalayas in Asia
The Scottish Highlands
The Scandinavian Mountains
American Cordillera in North and South America
The Rift Mountains of Africa
Soil - The soils at the top of the Himalayas are classified as Gelisols.
Interdependence
Food web
Food chain
Grass is the primary producer
Snowshoe hare are the primary consumers (Herbivore animal)
Lynx are the 2nd level consumers (Carnivore animal)
Fisher weasel are the 3rd level consumers (Carnivore animal)
Symbiotic relationships
Commensalism - The arctic fox and caribou are an example of commensalism.
Mutualism - Mountain Lions and Gut Flora is an example of mutualism as both are benefited.
Parasitism- Mountain Pine Beetle and Trees
