Tundra Biome

Arctic tundra

Alpine tundra

Components (Abiotic and Biotic Factors)

Components(Abiotic and Biotic factors)

Climate and temperature - Temperatures normally drop by about 10 degrees C for every 1000 meters as you go up a mountain. The biome experiences a long, cold winter season, lasting about nine months

Abiotic ⬇

Biotic ⬆

Climate and Temperature

Fauna

Rainfall

Soil

Animals - elk, marmots, mountain goats, pikas, sheep, grouse-like birds, beetles, butterflies, grasshoppers, and springtails, snow leopard, arctic hare.

Rainfall - The regions receive about one foot (30 cm) of precipitation annually.

Plants - Bear grass, Campion,Pygmy bitterroot, wild potato, Bristlecone pine, ect.

Location- Alpine tundra are located at very high elevations atop mountains, where overnight temperatures fall below freezing.

lemmings, voles, caribou, arctic hares, and squirrels, arctic foxes, wolves, and polar bears, cod, flatfish, salmon, and trout, ravens, snow buntings, moths, flies, mosquitoes………..etc.


The soil in the Arctic is largely permafrost or soil that remains frozen year-round.


The arctic tundra has a very cold climate. Temperatures range from 15.5 °C in summer to -60 °C in winter. The winters are long and there are short summers.




Tundra regions typically get less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation annually


The Himalayas in Asia

The Scottish Highlands

The Scandinavian Mountains

American Cordillera in North and South America

The Rift Mountains of Africa

Location

Arctic tundra are found on high-latitude landmasses, above the Arctic Circle—in Alaska, Canada, Russia, Greenland, Iceland, and Scandinavia


Flora

Approximately 1,700 species of plants live on the Arctic tundra, flowering plants, dwarf shrubs, herbs, grasses, mosses, and lichens.


Soil - The soils at the top of the Himalayas are classified as Gelisols.

Interdependence

Interdependence

Food chain

Food web

Food chain

Symbiotic relationships

Food web

Symbiotic relationships

Commensalism - The arctic fox and caribou are an example of commensalism.

Mutualism -Algae and fungus are an example of mutualism as they both benefit from each other

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Mutualism - Mountain Lions and Gut Flora is an example of mutualism as both are benefited.

Parasitism- Mountain Pine Beetle and Trees

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Commensalism- An example of commensalism in arctic biomes is between polar bears and arctic fox as arctic fox is benefited however polar bear is not benefited or harmed.

Parasitism - Tapeworm and moose is an example of parasitism as tapeworm is benefited however moose is harmed.

Grass is the primary producer

Snowshoe hare are the primary consumers (Herbivore animal)

Lynx are the 2nd level consumers (Carnivore animal)

Fisher weasel are the 3rd level consumers (Carnivore animal)

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The primary producers are the ice algae

The primary consumers are the krills.

The 2nd level consumers( carnivore consumers) are the Arctic cods.

The 3rd level consumers(carnivore consumers) are the ringed seal.

The top level consumers are the polar bears.

Human actions that effect tundra biome

  • Ice glaciers are falling in the tundra because of global warming.

- Water pipes are also being built for our needs.

- Now a few huts and houses are being built in the tundra biome.

  • The lakes are melting because of global warming.

- Oil and gas pipes are built too.

  • Because of the increasing global warming, tundras are melting slowly day by day.

- The population is increasing and now tundra towns and roads are being built.

  • They are letting oil go all over the place.

- Increase in pollution due to increase in population and towns and roads.

- There is so much dump in the tundra biome done by us humans.

  • Due to increase in population and towns and roads.