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Imperialism
Colonial empires
largest colonial empires
France
Great Britain
competed to gain control
other industrialised countries
began building their empires =1870 -1914.
The Colonial Empires 1914
British Empire
gained control of strategic locations
Gibraltar
Malta
maritime hegemony
allowed extension
Queen Victoria of England
Empress of India
1877
French Empire
included
large areas
north-west Africa
Madagascar
South-East Asia
America
New Guinea
islands
Caribbean
United States
influence in Latin America
didn't allow Europeans to colonise
annexed
Hawaii
Philippines
Japan
attention
Korea
Manchuria
Russo-Japanese war of 1904–1905.
control of Manchuria
Russia
abandoned Manchuria
concentrated
Siberia
Central Asia
Consequences
Demographic
pressure of population growth
lessened by the emigration of inhabitants
population in colonies increased
because decrease in mortality rates
due to improvements
hygiene
health (vaccinations)
birth rate remained constant
rapid population growth.
resources were insufficient
causing
causing
poverty
Social-Cultural
imposed Western culture
indigenous people
relegated to a second-class status.
Social and racial segregation developed
colonists considered themselves superior
Political
strategic and economic value
scene of political rivalry
colonising powers for dominion of territories
leading to war.
First World War
climate of tension
competition
Economic
Infrastructure
ports
railways
importing and exporting products
world economy was organised unequally
exploitation of valuable resources
organisation of trade controlled by colonising countries
led to the dependence of the colonies
huge differences
developed countries
undeveloped countries
Indigenous artisan crafts
disappeared
the colonising dominated colonial market
imposition of a single crop and extraction
colonists displaced indigenous
establish their single crop plantations
indigenous people without
means of survival
traditional resources
colonial tension and conflicts
anti-colonial protest
some colonies
disregard their traditional cultural values,
against European exploitation
colonising countries
against unjustified abuse
missionaries
international conflict
Fashoda Inciden
occupy the area
British victory.
Boer War
gain control of Cape
gold
diamonds
Berlin Conference
interested in controlling Congo
delegate control
militarily occupy the area
boxer rebellion
militarily occupy the area 1900
winning the Opium Wars
treaties with China
sent an international army to Peking
defeated the Boxers
pay 330 million dollars in compensation
Causes
reasons for development
Scientific progress
geographic expeditions
unknown areas
expeditions
growth of the population in Europe
machinery in factories
consequences
high levels of unemployment
people emigrated to colonies for work
governments encouraged emigration
avoid social conflict
international prestige
strategic locations
gain greater
security
mobility
armed conflict
supremacy of white people
their duty to bring
European culture
Christian values
to indigenous societies
less civilised
rise of financial capitalism
expansion
increase in production
industrialised countries
new markets outside Europe,
cheap sources of energy,
sell manufactured goods
new sources of raw materials
invest capital
Occupation and administration of the colonies
three stages
Political and administrative control
small group of Europeans
governor
high-level civil servant
administration
military commanders
controlling indigenous rebellions.
Organisation of the colonial economy
exploitation of the natural resources
indigenous population to supply the colonising power
raw materials
sources of energy.
Occupation by conquest
military advantage
specific value
Settler colonies
socio-economic value
majority emigrants
considered
overseas provinces
governmental autonomy
Protectorates
areas of strategic interest
indigenous population maintained
government
administration
under the supervision of the power
controlled
foreign policy
defence of the area
Exploitation colonies
economic value
governed by a white minority
exploited the area economically
originating of colonising country
wanted complete control
political
economic
territorial
