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IMPERIALISM
THE CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
Political
The colonies, became the scene of political rivalry between the colonising powers for dominion of territories.
Economic
Imposition of a single crop and extraction economy, which left the indigenous people without their traditional resources and means of survival.
Indigenous artisan crafts disappeared
World economy was organised unequally
Demographic
The pressure of population growth in colonising countries.
The population in the colonies increased because of the decrease in mortality rates due to improvements in hygiene and health.
Social and cultural
Western culture
Social and racial segregation developed
THE OCCUPATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE COLONIES
Colonizing powers wanted complete political, economic and territorial control
Stages
Occupation by conquest
Colonising power used its military advantage over the peoples or countries it wanted to conquer.
Political and administrative control
The governor and high-level civil servants organised the administration and military commanders.
Organization of the colonial economy
Exploitation of the natural resources and the indigenous population of the colony
Types of colonies
Exploitation colonies
Economic value
The indigenous population were governed by a white minority originating from the colonising country.
Settler colonies
Socio-economic value
The majority of the population of these colonies were emigrants from the colonising country.
These colonies were considered overseas provinces and enjoyed a certain governmental autonomy.
Protectorates
Areas of strategic interest
The indigenous population maintained its own government and administration, but under the supervision of the colonising power.
THE CAUSES
Rrise of finance capitalism
Increase in production: Some countries looked for new markets outside Europe
Other reasons
International prestige and strategic locations
Growth of the population in Europe and emigration
Scientific progress
Supremacy of white people
THE COLONIAL EMPIRES
Africa
Largest colonial empires
France
Great Britain
Competed with each other to gain control of colonies in Africa and Asia
The colonial empires (Africa)
British Empire
Britain gained control of strategic locations such as
Gibraltar
Malta
Ceylon
Maldives
Britain's maritime hegemony allowed it to extend its area of influence to areas of
America
Asia
Africa
Oceania
Most important possessions
India
Australia
In 1877, Queen Victoria of England was crowned Empress of India
Britain's colonial expansion accelerated
French Empire
Other countries
