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IMPERIALISM, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
IMPERIALISM
The consequences of imperialism
Imperialism had important political, economic, demographic, social and cultural consequences
Political
The colonies, because of their strategic and economic value, became the scene of political rivalry
Economic
The colonists displaced the indigenous tribes from their land to establish their single crop plantations
They also acquired rights to extract mineral resources
The result was the imposition of a single crop and extraction economy
Indigenous artisan crafts could not compete with the colonists' manufactured products, and gradually disappeared
Infrastructure such as ports and railways focused on importing and exporting products
The world economy was organised unequally because the exploitation of valuable resources
Demographic
The pressure of population growth in colonising countries, was lessened by the emigration of inhabitants to the colonies
The population in the colonies increased because of the decrease in mortality rates due to improvements in hygiene and health
Social and cultural
Colonising countries imposed Western culture
Social and racial segregation developed because the colonists considered themselves superior to the indigenous people
The occupation and administration of the colonies
There were three stages in the colonisation of an area
Political and administrative control
This was executed by a small group of Europeans
Organisation of the colonial economy
This involved the exploitation of the natural resources and the indigenous population of the colony
Occupation by conquest
The colonising power used its military advantage over the peoples or countries it wanted to conquer
Each colony had a specific value for the colonising country
Exploitation colonies
Had economic value
The indigenous population were governed by a white minority originating from the colonising country
They expoited the area economically
Settler colonies
Had a socio-economic value
The majority of the population of these colonies were emigrants from the colonising country
Protectorates
Were areas of strategic interest
The indigenous population maintained its own government and administration
Under the supervision of the colonising power, who controlled foreign policy and the defence of the area
Colonisation by European powers, was limited to an exchange of goods with the indigenous population
Except for in America
The colonising powers wanted complete political, economic and territorial control of their colonies.
The causes
Imperial expansion was mainly a result of the rise of finance capitalism
Other reasons for the development of imperialism
For European countries, colonies were a symbol of international prestige
It was also important to control strategic locations to gain greater security and mobility in the case of armed conflict
The growth of the population in Europe and the use of machinery in factories
Caused high levels of unemployment and many people emigrated to the colonies to look for work
To avoid possible social conflict, some governments encouraged emigration to the colonies
Scientific progress required geographic expeditions to unknown areas of the world
People believed in the supremacy of white people
Bring European culture and Christian values to indigenous societies that were considered to be less civilised
The colonial empires
The European powers, the United States and Japan colonised most of
Asia
Oceania
Africa
The largest colonial empires belonged to France and Great Britain
Competed with each other to gain control of colonies in Africa and Asia
A number of developed countries took control of other regions and lands all over the world
These lands became colonies and formed part of the various colonial empires
