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Modal Perfects - Coggle Diagram
Modal Perfects
certainty that sth. didn't happen
can't have
She can't have written this essay. The structures used are too difficult and she doesn't have that level.
couldn't have
Peter couldn't have known about her problem. He doesn't know her.
A guess about a past action
may/ might have
She may/ might have refused his invitation because she didn't go to the party.
criticism or regret after an event
shouldn't have
should have
I shouldn't have lied to him, now he is very angry with me.
We should have studied harder to get better marks.
possibility to do sth in the past which wasn't done
could have
We could have visited that museum, now it's closed.
certainty that sth. happened
must have
They must have changed the exam date because there's no one here.
There was no obligation or necessity to do sth
.
needn't have
You needn't have bought me anything. Thanks! You're the best!
willingness or desire to so sth. which wasn't done
would have
We would have gone to the party but my mum was at the hospital.