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Species - Coggle Diagram
Species
Examples of differences
Classifying animals and creating hierarchies of value can have lethal consequences. If we are happy to support conservations that prioritises the charismatic species, then what happens to the unpopular species that are rapidly dying out? There are political, social and ethical consequences of these classifications. For example, giraffes in European zoos are considered to be very valuable and charismatic. However, when one giraffe was identified as having unsuitable genes for captive breeding, it was put down and killed. The same animal with a different classification has very different consequences
S-C differences change over time, a big difference of the past has been men/women or race differences, but these are less common now
Ecological Charisma
“the physiological and phenomenological configuration of the human body puts in place a range of filtering mechanisms that disproportionately endow certain species with ecological charisma” P.916
Aesthetic charisma
“When conservationists refer to charismatic species the charisma they refer to is generally encompassed by adjectives such as 'cute', 'cuddly', 'fierce', or 'dangerous'. These are the aesthetic characteristics of a species' appearance and behaviour, which trigger strong emotional responses in those involved in biodiversity conservation"
Corporeal charisma
“The affections and emotions engendered by different organisms in their practical interactions with humans over varying time periods. This is a diverse form of charisma with many possible manifestations”.
Lorimer 2007: 921
Human/animal in a zoo
Zoo animals bred in captivity are described as ambassadors for their species. Are individuals held in zoos a form of sacrifice? Is it right to keep animals in captivity if they're part of a species that serve a wider good? Some animals also become financial ambassadors for their collective kind, they bring the public into zoos and with that bring financial investments - there is a bigger responsibility and value given to these species
“Identifying such animals as trash tells us nothing about problematic wildlife but rather reveals more about human expectations of, and frustrations with, the natural world”
How are they produced
Donna Haraway - When Species Met. She suggests that encounters actually produce difference. When you encounter something, it changes you and it is changed by you. Understanding these moments of encounter become very important when thinking about ethics and responsibility. ‘species of all kinds, living and not, are consequent on a subject- and object-shaping dance of encounters’. We see an emphasis on beings that are formed, remade and given meaning through ‘intra- and interaction’
Ecological charisma
Ecological charisma is about the filtering mechanisms in humans to be drawn to certain species over others. The way we relate to species is through similar faces and relating to them. Many deep sea creatures or insects don’t have visible faces or similar eyes so it is difficult to relate to them
Aesthetic charisma
Aesthetic charisma is about how a species looks, but it isn't necessarily about positivity. Some animals look 'cute and cuddly' and are therefore aesthetic but others look 'fierce and dangerous' and are still considered to be aesthetic. Popular zoo species are dangerous species, such as crocodiles, but being able to encounter these animals in a safe way is desired. Aesthetic charisma triggers an emotional response - fear, joy, love etc. This links to the way in which zoos are a form of entertainment as well as education
Corporeal
moments in which a future human scientist is affected or reterritorialized by a nonhuman organism. Visceral, emotional and difficult to articulate. Bodily contact that shapes and changes someone, and possibly their way of thinking
Disgust
The horsemeat/Tesco scandal in England caused many people to feel disgusted that they might have been eating horsemeat, but in France, horsemeat is a very common meat and doesn’t generate disgust
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Using examples of both the geographies of species and class, discuss how social-cultural differences are produced and lived