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Geography - Coggle Diagram
Geography
Main concepts
Space
Refers to the way things arranged on the earths surface, has three elements; Location, organisation and distribution
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Change
Refers to the processes both human and natural, that take place in a local and global level
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Mapping skills
Scale
the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground
Grid References
a location on a map, which is found using the northing and easting numbered lines
Area Reference
allows people to find a general location in a grid square. Area references comprise four-figure numbers. The first two figures are always an easting and the second two figures are always a northing.
Ocean
there are 5 oceans in the world the Arctic, Southern, Indian, Atlantic and Pacific
Continents
there are 7 continents in the world which are Asia, Africa, Australia, North America, South America, Europe and Antarctica
Food Security
when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
Threats
Climate Change
climate change is putting food production at risk. Yield growth for wheat, maize, and other crops has been declining in many countries due to extreme heat, severe weather, and droughts
Salinity
affects production in crops, pastures and trees by interfering with nitrogen uptake, reducing growth and stopping plant reproduction.
Land Degradation
When left untreated, degraded soil reduces agricultural productivity, while salinity can damage buildings and infrastructure such as water pipes, roads and sewers. Degradation can also damage habitat for wildlife, kill micro-organisms that live in the soil, and harm the quality of our inland waters
Biofuels
the effect of the demand for biofuels will be to raise food prices, which will hurt the food security of many poor people in both rural and urban areas
Competing Land Uses
competition for land is largely seen as detrimental, resulting in rising prices for agricultural products, reduced food security, loss of valuable ecosystems or GHG emissions
Urban Sprawl
Because urban residents as largely net buyers of food are particularly vulnerable to volatile food prices, they are often forced to reduce other expenditure in order to meet their basic food requirements
Green Revolution
the emergence of new varieties of crops, specifically wheat and rice varietals, that were able to double if not triple production of those crops in two countries
Solutions
Precision Farming
an approach where inputs are utilised in precise amounts to get increased average yields, compared to traditional cultivation techniques
Rooftop Farming
A roof garden is any type of vegetation established on the roof of a building. Apart from the decorative benefit, roof garden serves the purpose of providing architectural enhancement, temperature control, recreational opportunities, habitats for wildlife and food
Vertical farming
the practice of growing crops using soilless farming techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics in vertically stacked layers. It often incorporates controlled-environment agriculture, which aims to optimise plant growth with nutrients, lighting and pH
Biomes
a large area characterized by its vegetation, soil, climate, and wildlife
Main types
Desert
extremely dry environments that are home to well-adapted plants and animals. The main types of deserts include hot and dry deserts, semi-arid deserts, coastal deserts, and cold deserts
Tundra
The coldest of all biomes. Known for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperature, little precipitation, poor nutrients and short growing seasons
Forests
an area that has a large number of trees. There are three general types of forest that exist: temperate, tropical, and boreal. Experts estimate that these forests cover approximately one-third of Earth's surface. Temperate forests are found across eastern North America and Eurasia
Grasslands
made up of large open areas of grasses. They are maintained by grazing animals and frequent fires. Types of grasslands include savannas and temperate grasslands.
Taiga
a forest of the cold, subarctic region. The subarctic is an area of the Northern Hemisphere that lies just south of the Arctic Circle. The taiga lies between the tundra to the north and temperate forests to the south. Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Siberia have taigas
Aquatic
the largest of all the biomes, covering about 75 percent of Earth's surface. This biome is usually divided into two categories: freshwater and marine. Typically, freshwater habitats are less than 1 percent salt
Climate
Temp
Like rain each biome falls under a certain temperature and this is also used to help categorise areas into what biome they are
Rainfall
Scientists also use rainfalll to describe a certain amount of rainfall. Each biome has a certain amount of rainfall a year so that is how they are catergorised
Adaptations
Plants
Plant adaptations are changes that help a plant species survive in its environment. Aquatic plants that live underwater have leaves with large air pockets inside that allow the plant to absorb oxygen from the water. The leaves of aquatic plants are also very soft to allow the plant to move with the waves
Animals
Adaptation can protect animals from predators or from harsh weather. Many birds can hide in the tall grass and weeds and insects can change their colour to blend into the surroundings. This makes it difficult for predators to seek them out for food