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CH3 - The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules - Coggle Diagram
CH3 - The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules
Macromolecules
Carbohydrate
Glycosydic Bonds
Mono
Pentoses :
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Hexoses
Glucose
Stereoisomers: Alpha/Beta and D/L
Galactose
Structural isomers
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Atoms
Di
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
Bonds: (-OH)&(-H)
Poly
Bonds Link
Alpha 1-6
Alpha 1-4
Energy Storage
Glycogen - Both bonds link
Starch - Both bonds link
Structural
Chitin
Cellulose - only Alpha 1-4
Polymers
Made of Monomers
Process- catalyzed by Enzymes
Made by Dehydration/Condensation
Removal of H2O
Breakdown by Hydrolysis
Addition of H2O
Molecular Structure
Structural Isomers
Same Atoms
Different Bonding Relationship
Functional Atoms: gives special chemical features
NH2
CO
OH
PO4
Contain Carbon
Outer Shell: 4 e-
Makes upto 4 Bonds
Polar and Non-Polar
Sterioisomers
spatial positioning of the atoms differs
types
Cis-trans isomers
Enantiomers
identical bonding relationships
Protein
Tertiary Structure
complex 3D shape
Single polypeptide Chain
secondary
Structure+Random Coiled regions
Quaternary Structure
2 or more poly peptide chains joined
Secondary Structure:
Alpha Helix
Beta Helix
Random Coiled Regions
5 Factors for protein Folding
.
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds/polar interactions
Hydrogen bonds
Vander waals Forces
Di-sulfide Bridges
Primary Structure
Linear Amino acid sequence
Made of Amino Acids
groups
Amino Group - left
Carboxyl group - Right
R group
joined by peptide bonds
Many Functions like
Structure
Antibodies
Lipid
Fats
Bond type
Unsaturated
1 or more Double Bonds
Liquid
Saturated
Single Bonds
Solid
Triglycerides glycerol 3 Fatty Acids linked by Ester Bond
Phospholipids
amphipathic
Fatty acid tail - non-polar
Phosphate head - Polar
Made of: Glycerol, fatty acid, Phosphate group
Non-polar made of Hydrogen/Carbon
Steroids
specific biological properties
testosterone
Estrogen
insoluble in water
4 rings of carbon
Function
Structural
Energy Storage
Nucleic Acid
2 Types
DNA
Stores genetic information
Deoxyribose
Thymine
2 strands, double helix
one Form
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
Uracil
Single Strand
Many forms
Function
Stores Genetic Information
Made of Nucleotide
joined by Sugar-phosphate Backbone
phosphodiester linkage
Phosphate
5 carbon Sugar
Base
5 carbon Sugar:
Ribose
Deoxyribose