Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

hazards - Coggle Diagram

- - - - impacts
        
        eruption threw gasses and ash into the atmosphere causing global dimming and temperatures to globally drop by roughly 0.5 degrees for two years
        
        300 people crushed to death by a Lahar
        
        The eruption was then followed by Typhoon Yunya, the heavy rainfall along with the volcanic ash created very deadly lahars and the final death toll was around 850.
        
        500,000 people live in a 40km radius. Early warnings and evacuations saved around 5,000 people in 1991
        
        Very viscous (thick)
        
        Very explosive (6 on EVI scale)
        
        Hot ash pyroclastic debris
      - where, when, why
        
        in the philippines which is a multi hazard zone
        
        The Philippines is a country off the mainland southeast Asia consisting of over 7,000 islands. It is home to over 100 million people
        
        The Philippines is on the western rim of the 'Pacific Ring of Fire' which brings both earthquakes and volcanic activity
        
        Destructive (Continental Eurasian and Oceanic Philippine plate)
        
        People lived on the slopes of the volcano
        
        Not expected to see one again in our lifetime.
        
        Not very frequent, hasn't erupted since 1991
    - - impacts
        
        1 on the VEI
        
        Lava (but also sulphurous lava which is poisonous)
        
        Vents were as close as 500m away from end of runway (goma city)
        
        Very fluid magma with low silica content
      - where, when, why
        
        Very regular, at least 30 since monitoring began in 19th century
        
        Has erupted again in 2016. They put in volcanic activity measuring equipment.
        
        Constructive boundary at the Kivu rift.
  - - - Effects directly caused by the eruption.
      - infrastructure damage (e.g. buildings and roads being destroyed)
      - death
      - contamination of water supply
      - crop damage
    - - effects of events triggered by the eruption.
  - - - pyroclastic flows
      - tephra
      - lava flows
      - volcanic gases
    - - ground deformation
      - lahars
        
        are the result of the mixing of Ash with water
        
        example is in the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo which crushed 300 people
      - landslides
      - tsunamis
- - - - ridge push
        
        only occurs at Divergent boundaries
        
        two oceanic plates
      - slab pull
        
        result of subduction
        
        destructive boundary
      - convection currents
      - magma plumes