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PERSONAL RULE absolutism or not? - Coggle Diagram
PERSONAL RULE
absolutism or not?
FINANCE
MONOPOLIES
Charles exploited a loophole that enabled him to grant monopolies to businesses rather than just individuals. HOWEVER for every £100,000 he made the businesses made £750,000.
Monopolies on soap were highly unpopular for their
increase in price, inferior quality and the businesses including many catholics
SHIP MONEY
In 1635, ship money was extended to the whole country rather than just coastal towns that had to protect themselves from pirates and trafficking.
Ship money became the most profitable tax ever
bringing in £190,000 a year
John Hampden's Case
refused to pay ship money and was taken to trial- 5 out of 12 judges disagreed with the King which was brought to national attention and ship money decreased by 20%.
PURPOSE OF THE TAX: maximise crown's resources and its fairer for the whole country to contribute to ship money
OPPOSITION: not much resistance since nearly all the money was collected. Only 'predictable' individuals refused to pay.
THE LAW
Star Chamber and The Court of High Commission
were used to attack those who refused to conform to the governments ways of raising money.
HUGE FINES
taken in full and caused huge resentment.
'justice seemed to take second place to money'
REDUCING EXPENDITURE
40% of royal income was spent on the royal household
24 meat dishes to choose from a day
£80000-£90000could have been saved
FISCAL FEUDALISM
fundraising schemes using prerogative rights that had fallen to disuse
distraint of knighthood
if a man earns ore than £40 a year he should've come forth to be knighted but this was outdated, however Charles fined those who hadn't done since they allegedly hadn't shown their support to the Crown.
forest lands
boundaries of crown forests were not made clear and peasants inhibited there but Charles made boundaries strict again and fined those living on Crown land.
wardships
Charles made £50.000 by temporarily running estate homes of a child had been left to run it due to the parent dying.
London
fined people for living in London since they should be farming in the countryside
building
fined those building property too near the capital
eating
fined those eating meat during lent
RELIGION
LAUD
Preaching
Laud wanted to control the content of sermons so he issued a prayer book. Puritans greatly opposed this.
Enforced bowing at the name of Jesus and wearing a cap and surplice was made uniform.
POPISH
Placement of the altar table
Laud wanted it permanently in the east and to be railed off.
Catholicism
like catholic mass site the minister was separate from his people and became sacrificial rather than commemorative.
Book of Sports
Puritans felt this attacked the sabbath
'Thorough'
made sure that bishops lived in their diocese and regularly visited their parishes.
Tithes
helped the economic position of the Church however the gentry lost out on money and their support to the King was vital.
GOVERNMENT
ORGANISATION
Privy council was the centre of administration and had to choose theLord Lieutenants and staffed the prerogative courts
Charles was very involved in the processes unlike his father and made sure things were carried out.
Charles relied on unpaid officials which lacked effectiveness
Government had to be sensitive to the ruling class as their support was essential
Earl of Strafford and Thorough
Thorough was essentially the process of making local officials accountable for their actions and they believed that the King's problems stemmed from him being poorly served.
However the King's problems wouldn't be demolished unless the whole system was changed and local officials were paid. Sheriffs were burdened with collecting taxes like ship money when their loyalties lied with their community rather than the King.
This struck a chord with Charles since he believed that officials should fear the Crown more than what neighbours had to think of them. DIVINE RIGHTS OF KING
Improving Militias
counties were ordered to have stores of powder and shot, improve weapons and provide proper drill.
WENTWORTH IN IRELAND