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Axial Skeleton - Coggle Diagram

- - - - herniated discs
      - atlas (C1)
        
        no spinous process or body
        
        not bifid
        
        atlantoaxial joint
        
        no
        
        inferior articular facets
        
        atlantooccipital joint
        
        yes
        
        occipital condyles
        
        superior articular facets
      - transverse foramen
        
        vertebral arteries and veins
        
        internal carotid artery
        
        internal jugular vein
      - axis (C2)
        
        atlantoaxial joint
        
        no
        
        dens/odontoid process
        
        no
        
        broken off can mean damage to spinal cord and brain
      - head support
      - bifid spinous processes
        
        nuchal ligament
        
        cervical musculature
      - vertebra prominens (C7)
        
        easy to palpate
        
        large and long spinous process
        
        not bifid
    - - damage to spinal cord
  - - - between two vertebrae
    - - costal facets
        
        tubercle of rib
    - - costal facets
        
        head of rib
  - - - herniated discs
      - thick blunt spinous processes
      - back muscle attachment
    - - between L3/4
    - - sacralized
      - back problems
      - spinal stenosis
      - osteoarthritis
  - - - fuse at 25
      - sacrum
        
        uterosacral ligament
        
        auricular surface
        
        sacroiliac joint
    - - L5
    - - coccyx
  - - - childbirth
      - fall on buttocks
    - - fuse with sacrum
  - - - spinal cord
        
        vertebral canal
      - posterior side
    - - spinal nerves
    - - muscle attachment
    - - rib attachment (T1-10)
      - muscle attachment
    - - pedicles
        
        posterolateral
      - laminae
        
        posteromedial
    - - inferior articular process
        
        below vertebrae
      - above vertebrae
    - - nucleus pulosus
      - anulus fibrosus
        
        fibrocartilage
        
        shock absorption
- - - - 1-7 true ribs
        
        direct sternum articulation
      - 8-12 false ribs
        
        11-12 floating ribs
        
        costal cartilage 8-10 fuse to costal cartilage of 7
        
        indirect sternum articulation
  - - - suprasternal notch
        
        jugular notch
      - suprasternal fossa
        
        skin depression
        
        two straplike neck muscles
      - sword handle
      - two clavicular notches
      - costal notches (rib 1)
      - sternal angle
    - - Gladiator's sword
      - costal notches (ribs 2-7)
      - sternal angle
    - - sword tip
      - abdominal muscle attachment
      - ossifies at 40
- - - - craniosynostosis
    - - dehydration
    - - meningitis
      - cranial pressure
- - - - cleft palate
        
        trouble nursing, feeding, swallowing
      - enviromental or genetic factors
    - - foramen rotundum
      - infraorbital foramen
    - - crepitus
      - blowout fracture
  - - - ramus
        
        mandibular foramen
        
        CN V 3/3
        
        foramen ovale
        
        third division nerve block
        
        mandibular notch
        
        corinoid process
        
        muscle attachment
        
        mandibular condyles
        
        TMJ
      - mentum
        
        mental foramen