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Genome Organisation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Help recruit transcriptional machinery
    - - Recruit machinery, mediate binding of TFs
    - - Contains exons (coding) and introns (non-codong)
- - - - Genes
      - Regulatory elements
      - Other nucleotide sequences
  - - - 1.DNA wraps around histone proteins
        
        8 histones complex forming a nucleosome
        
        DNA wraps round each nucleosome 1.65 times
        
        Nucleosome interacts with H1 histone forming chromatosome
        
        Chromatosomes fold up to produce 30nm fibre
        
        Loops form ~300nm length
        
        Loops are compressed + folded
        
        1 more item...
      - Heterochromatin
        
        Inactive
      - Euchromatin
        
        Active
    - - H3-H4 tetramer binds 2 H2A-H2B dimers to form octamer
- - - - 2 sister chromatids joined at centromere
  - - - Short arm is stubby/condensed - gene poor
- - - - Allow handling by humans
  - - - 1.5% genome codes for proteins
      - 23.5% genomic non-coding
      - 75% extragenic
        
        21% unique
        
        54% repetitive
        
        9% tandem repeats
        
        SINE
        
        LINE
        
        Other
        
        45% interspersed repeats
        
        Satellite
        
        Mini-satellite
        
        Micro-satellite
      - Non-protein coding region
        
        Transposon related elements
        
        Retrotransposons
        
        RNA back to DNA and re-inserted into genome
        
        LINEs
        
        Active or degenerate descendants of transposable elements
        
        Most common is L1
        
        SINEs
        
        Non-autonomous elements (lack ability to mediate own transposition) and their degenerate descendants
        
        Most common is Alu
        
        SVAs
        
        SINE/VNTR/Alu element
        
        Non-autonomous transposable element, few in number + evolutionarily recent
        
        LTRs
        
        HERVs ~5% human genome
        
        Human endogenous retrovirus
        
        ncDNA
        
        Pseudogenes ~14k
        
        Regulatory DNA sequences
        
        Ultra-conserved elements (UCEs)
        
        Same across many organisms
        
        Sequences of unknown function