Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
punishment, control and the criminal justice system, functionalism,…
punishment, control and the criminal justice system
functionalism
-
-
most members of society were very similar to one another and the societies were held together by what he (Durkheim) called "mechanical solidarity"
-
Durkheim has been criticised for assuming that there is a consensus, or collective conscience, in society, whereas in reality there may be different views on what is moral or immoral, just unjust.
marxism
-
Marxists argue that the law is not a product of the shared interest and shared beliefs of all members of society, but rather a product of the interest and beliefs of the ruling class
in the early middle ages, the main punishments involved religious penance and fine.
in the later middle ages, brutal punishment became the norm and capital punishment was used quire widely.
by the 17th century there was a shortage of labour and it was in this period that the prison developed, partly because prisoners could be used to produce goods cheaply, thereby helping to plug the gap in the number of workers available to the ruling class.
Foucault's view
-
in discipline and punishment (1997), Foucault describes the execution of the muderer Damiens in paros in 1757: "Damiens was placed on a scaffold and had pieces of flesh torn from him using red-hot pincers.
Foucault argues that disiplinary power became increasingly charactoristic of modern society, in which indiiduals were encouraged to monitor their own behaviour.
-
Garland's view
-
the culture of control is as much about reassuring communitys as it is about directly dealing with crime.
in the culture of control, he argues that in the USA since the 1970s there has been a shift in attitudes towards punishment.
the soereign state strategy, which is part of the expressive stratagy, emphasises the state taking back direct control through puntitive sanctions.
-