“Workers Self-Directed Enterprises" (Wolff, Democracy at work: a cure for capitalism, 2012) // also Yves-Marie Abraham (in Montreal) advocating for no more non cooperative businesses (2019)

Abolition of "coordinator class" (Albert, Practical Utopia: Strategies for a Desirable Society, 2017

Extreme division of labour leads to disparities in cognitive capacities and time capabilities, thus threatening democracy as a result of individuals' denial to become active citizens. Sweet spot between conviviality of labour and production for overall welfare (Parrique, 2019, pp.603)

"Carry-over effect" where less autonomy at work yields less political engagement (Karasek, The carry-over effects of work on political and leisure activities, 2004)

Pitfalls - "Self-managed servitude", boss complexes, Byung Chul-Han's "autoexploitative subject" (Chul-Han, 2017)

Participatory planning regarding production (not necessarily direct democracy, but checks & balances)

Work as the objective in itself
“emphasis is put, not on the type of work being
performed, but merely on the fact of having a job. Any job is better than none.” (Parrique, 2019)

Hustle Culture, boasting around overtime work (exploitation)

also present somehow in degrowth with the idea of "planned or intentional degrowth" (Dengler and Strunk, 2018: 171) or ‘voluntary’ (Cosme et al., 2017: 323)

"belief that this future can be chosen and that the present can be directed toward it via management practices" on colonialist/imperialist arrangements around pollution Liboiron, Pollution is colonialism, 2021

addressed somehow by : notions of prefiguration, plurality and participation (Asara 2015 / Demaria et al., 2019; Fotopoulos, 2010)

commodification of time (ref)
/ time as an economical ressource (Parrique p.617)

Acosta in Pluriverse : Development idea = "Imagined time is linear, moving only forwards or backwards; but the aimof technical and economic progress is fleeting." p. Xii foreword

Unemployment is perceived negatively only in a society that conflates work and paid employment

Common anthropological observation that people often work only until they meet their needs

Work as (political) right (Gorz,1999)
Work lauded as a means to social and political independence (Weeks, 2011).

Leisure, like happiness,tends to be seen as something that's earned through (hard) work (Ford 2016).

societies with economies not oriented toward growth/growthmanship and the impact on how work is defined and distributed

Protestant Work Ethic - work as virtue, moral obligation (Weeks, 2011)

Industrial Work Ethic - pick one self up their bootstraps (Weeks, 2011)

Post-industrial Work Ethic - work as a path to individual self-expression, self-development, and creativity (Weeks, 2011)

“decommodification of work for that it decreases the influence of financial incentives in the allocation of one’s time…In effect, in decouples living from the obligation to work for a wage.” (Parrique , 2019)

unemployment benefits, free healthcare, and universal pensions
A job guarantee, a social wage, or a basic income

time banks : egalitarian, non-capitalist exchange > time is used for trade but not in a capitalist way.

colonialism = imposing time as moving forward cf. Strakosh
POvinelli = "technologies of temporality"

colonialism temporalities "separates a problematic past from a completed future"

colonisation of our imaginary of the future = TINA (cf inventing the future)

"the end of work would entail a right to live more and a right to idleness" Gunderson

nowtopias = cf. Vocabulary... > reclaiming control on the present

time = structured by capitalism / work - week + hours (inventing the future)