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World englishes and english as a lingua franca: implications of the spread…

- - - - hybrid sociaties
        
        rose of new complexities of language
        
        its consequence
        
        English as a Lingua Franca
        
        why?
        
        here are more ELF conversations per day than conversations between native speakers
        
        25% of the world speaks English
        
        it's inter-subjectively constructed
        
        key elements of ELF communication
        
        3 more items...
- - - - lower stakes
        
        classroom assessments
        
        diagnostic tests
        
        app-based learning quizzes
      - higher stakes
        
        university admission
        
        professional certification
        
        immigration and citizenship
      - medium stakes
        
        achievement tests