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Getting to the Truth download - Coggle Diagram
Getting to the Truth 
Content
Tense
“She WAS such a good mum’ and then quickly corrected himself with, ‘She IS such a good mum to the kids’.
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Distancing
Reduction in use of personal pronouns (e.g. ‘I’, ‘me’ and ‘my’… being dropped from conversation or changing to ‘it’, ‘we’ or ‘us’).
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Inappropriate concern (e.g. joking about, or making light of, a serious matter).
Statement analysis
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Linear (in time), overly-structured reproduction.
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Lacks context. False stories often lack the contextual detail picked up by our senses (smells, sights, sounds, tastes, temperatures, weather, etc.)
Lacks interactivity. True stories will often include linked interactions between people and objects, including paraphrased summaries or even verbatim quotations of conversations.
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Interactional Style
lies will most likely:
be linked with emotions;
require greater cognitive effort than truthful messages;
be associated with arousal;
and prompt liars to over-control their behaviours.
Flow
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Filled pauses – utterances and phrases that are sometimes used to fill pauses (e.g. erm, urm, er, you know, at the end of the day, etc.)
Stutters, disfluencies, hesitations and false starts (“Li...Like this”)
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Evasiveness
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Using qualifiers as, for example, an exclusion tactic [what I can say is..], or to show a (limited) level of speaker commitment [could/might], etc.
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Defensiveness (e.g., attacking the questioner or the questioning process)
Inappropriate impoliteness (e.g., ‘You are an idiot to question me on this')
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Impression management
Religious reference ('Honest to God', 'I am a good Muslim/Catholic/Other')
Belief/Values reference ('I disagree with lying', 'I don't agree with violence towards women')
Character reference ('Ask my mother/colleagues, they will tell you I am a good person')
Credibility qualifier ('Trust me', 'To be honest', 'I am not lying!')
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Inappropriate politeness ('But Sir/Madam, I am trying to explain', 'I am so grateful to the police')
Proof or evidence seeking tack ('You can't prove it', 'Where is the evidence?').
Voice
Volume
When a person lies, the volume often decreases from the person's baseline.
Is the volume inconsistent with the Account, Baseline and Context? If so, it's a PIn.
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Body
(not yet discovered a universal signal from the body that has the same meaning across all cultures and generations.)
Gestural lip
A gesture, usually with the hands, that appears outside the presentation zone
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Change in use – increases and decreases which cannot be explained by the Account, Baseline or Context and/or
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