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Biology 4th Bimester, EXTRA POINTS 4TH BIMESTER, Eduardo Rubio Esqueda,…

- - - - The basic unit of life.
    - - Group of structurally and functionally similar cells.
    - - A group of tissues in a living organism.
    - - Organs grouped.
- - - - Covers body surfaces.
    - - Provides support and protection.
    - - Involved in body movement.
    - - Forms the body's communication network.
  - - - Made up of epithelial cells (keratinocytes).
        Contains keratin & melanin.
    - - Consists of connective tissue, nerve cells, muscle fibers, sweat glands, oil glands, and hair follicles.
    - - Layer of connective tissue that stores fat and helps the body retain heat.
  - - - Cuts and scrapes
      - Skin cancer
        
        Melanoma
        
        Nonmelanoma
      - Effects of the Sun and burns
        
        First-degree: cells in the epidermis injured.
        
        Second-degree: damage in epidermis and dermis.
        
        Third-degree: nerve cells and muscle cells injured. Skin function lost.
    - - Acne
      - Cold sore
      - Hives
      - Melanoma
      - Lupus
      - Vitiligo
  - - - Hemostasis
        
        Vasoconstriction
      - Inflammation
        
        Phagocytosis
        
        Vasodilation
      - Proliferative
      - Remodeling
  - - - Sunburn
      - Aging
      - Skin cancer promotion
    - - UVA
      - UVB
- - - - Involuntary muscle.
        Present in the heart.
        Striations.
        
        Ability to contract
    - - Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that cause movement. Attached to bones. Voluntary. Striations.
    - - Involuntary muscle (cannot be controlled consciously)
        Stomach, intestines… No striations.
  - - - Muscle fiber
        
        Is made of myofibrils. The protein filaments actin and myosin form myofibrils.
        
        The functional unit of the myofibril is the sarcomere. Myofibrils are made of myosin and actin filaments.
  - - - Slow-twitch muscle fibers have many mitochondria.
      - They contain myoglobin, a respiratory molecule that stores oxygen and serves as an oxygen reserve.
    - - Fast-twitch muscle fibers fatigue easily but provide great strength for rapid, short movements.
      - Buildup of lactic acid.
  - - - Inflammation
      - Diseases of nerves that affect muscles
      - Some cancers
      - Infections
      - A genetic disorder
      - Certain medicines
      - Injury or overuse, such as sprains or strains, cramps or tendinitis
      - Unknown
    - - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
      - Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT)
      - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
      - Muscular Dystrophy
        
        Duchenne (DMD)
        
        Becker
        
        Limb-Girdle