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Vitamins, Mineral, Excess consumption results in, Inhibits, LEGEND: Pink…

- - - - Symptoms
        
        Diarrhea
        
        Fatigue
        
        Nausea
        
        Muscle weakness
      - augment effects of
        
        Anticoagulants
        
        can lead to
        
        Uncontrolled bleading
  - - - coronary heart disease
      - inflammation
      - lower risks of cancer
    - - immune function
      - skin nourishment
      - liver integrity
  - - - egg yolks
      - liver
    - - plant oils
        
        Wheat germ, canola, corn, sunflower, safflower, soybean, almond oils
      - nuts
        
        Brazil, almonds, hazelnuts
      - seeds
        
        Sunflower, pumpkin, sesame
        
        66% in sunflower
      - Whole grains, peanut butter
      - Beet greens, collard greens, spinach
  - - - oral supplementation supplied
    - - Hemolytic anemia
        
        loss of RBC membrane integrity
        
        lack of oxygen -> lethargic & fatigue
  - - - Protein kinase C
        
        Needed for platelet aggregation
        
        necessary for successful reproduction
  - - - Free radicals
        
        which damages
        
        Polyunsaturated fatty acids
    - - DNA and other cell compounds from oxidizing damage
- - - - Oxidized by
        
        Iron III (mineral)
        
        Into
        
        Dehydroascorbic Acid (oxidized form)
      - Reducing agent found in
        
        Intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments
  - - - Important in
        
        red blood cell formation and for healthy cell growth and function
  - - - Symptoms:
        
        Weakness, bleeding gums, loss of teeth, painful joints
      - Theory
        
        Vitamin C is involved in the synthesis of collagen
    - - This is bad because
        
        Vitamin C is used as an antioxidant in the lungs. Lower levels are found in smokers
  - - - releases from protein
        
        Iron
        
        Results in
        
        Cellular damage
        
        Iron acts as
        
        Catalyst to promote free radicals
    - - Seen when
        
        vitamin C is quickly reduced to normal levels
    - - Reason
        
        Increased risk of stone formation in renal pateints
  - - - Examples include
        
        Citrus fruit
        
        Oranges
        
        Grapefruit
        
        Vegetables
        
        Yams
        
        Broccoli
        
        Asparagus
        
        Swiss chard
- - - - protects against
        
        Oxidation of cell membranes
        
        Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
    - - Vitamin E
  - - - Immune system support
        
        anti-inflammatory effect in rat model at moderate doses
        
        pro-inflammatory effect at higher doses
      - Skin
        
        protects against
        
        sun damage
      - Eyes
        
        protects against
        
        age-related damage in the macula
  - - - non-essential nutrient
    - - increased damage to DNA and onset of epithelial cancers and heart disease
  - - - Hypercarotenemia
        
        carotene accumulates in subcutaneous fat layer
        
        skin turns orange; but harmless and reversible
  - - - dark green and orange vegetables
        
        brocolli
        
        spinach
        
        squash
        
        yams
      - orange and red fruits
        
        mango
        
        tomato
  - - - if retinol needed
        
        beta carotene can split in intestinal cells
        
        to generate
        
        double the amount of retinol
- - - - Ready for use by Body
      - Found in animal foods
        
        Beef
        
        Eggs
        
        Dairy products
      - Most biological active form
    - - Inactive relative to retinoid
      - Found in plant foods
        
        Bell peppers
        
        Broccolli
        
        Kale
        
        Mangoes
        
        Carrots
  - - - Headaches
      - Liver damage
      - Nausea
      - Loss of apetite
  - - - Night blindness
      - Dry eyes
      - Compromised immune function
      - Growth stunting
  - - - Vision
    - - Cell differentiation
      - Protein coding
    - - Eyes
      - Urinary tract
      - Skin
      - Lungs
- - - - Reduces Oxidizing species
        
        Ways that they do it
        
        Netrualize free radicals
        
        Inhibit oxidant formation
        
        Intercept oxidants once they are formed
        
        Repair oxidant-induced damage
    - - tertiary antioxidants
        
        repairs
        
        damaged biomolecules
      - Primary antioxidant
        
        free radical scavengers
      - secondary antioxidants
        
        preventive antioxidants
        
        retarding chain initiation
- - - - Protects
        
        Cell Membrane
  - - - Include
        
        selenocysteine (active Se)
        
        selenomethionine (storage Se)
  - - - such as
        
        Fish, Shellfish, eggs, milk