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Atoms, Elements, and compounds (Chapter 2)- Part 1 - Coggle Diagram
Atoms, Elements, and compounds (Chapter 2)- Part 1
Basic Information:
A positive ion is a cation, and a negative ion is an anion.
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An atom is the smallest unit/ particle of a matter. It is derived from a Greek word 'Atmos' which means unsplittable.
Metals and non- metals:
Metals:
High density, melting point and boiling point.
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Non- metals:
Dull, not strong (Brittle)
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Can be gaseous, solid or liquid at room temperature.
Valency: Valency is the number of electrons needed to be given or taken to complete the electronic configuration. E.g. Oxygen. Atomic number= 8. Electronic config: 2, 6. The valency= -2 (Needs to gain 2 electrons).
Atoms: Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.
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Electrons are present in shells, which are imaginary orbits/ energy levels/ electronic shells.
Molecules:
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Atoms of some elements are always joined in pairs, for example hydrogen/ chlorine. These are known as diatomic molecules.
When an atom exists are separate atoms, the molecules are known as monatomic. E.g. He, Ne.
All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
Most molecules consist of atoms of different elements, for example, water exists as molecules containing oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
Compounds:
Compounds are pure substances which are formed when two or more elements chemically combine together.
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Water is a simple compound formed from elements hydrogen and oxygen (H2O). E.g. Hydrogen + Oxygen ---> Water
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For oxidization. reduction, oxidising agents and reducing agents, refer to 'Chemical reaction' notes.