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Animal Diversity, Arthropoda (spiders, centipedes, crustaceans, &…

- - - - Deuterostomia
        
        Echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins)
        
        Bilaterally symmetrically larvae and five-part body organization
        
        Chordata
        
        Vertebrates
        
        Gnathostomes
        
        Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, skates, ratfishes)
        
        Has a cartilaginous skeleton
        
        Osteichthyans
        
        Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
        
        1 more item...
        
        Lobe-fins
        
        4 more items...
        
        bony skeleton
        
        hinged jaws, four sets of Hox genes
        
        Cyclostomes
        
        Myxini (hagfishes)
        
        Jawless aquatic vertebrates with reduced vertebrate
        
        Petromyzontida (lampreys)
        
        some lampreys feed by attaching to a live fish and ingesting blood
        
        jawless vertebrates
        
        Hox gene duplication, backbone of vertebrae
        
        Cephalochordata (lancelets)
        
        Basal chordates; marine suspension feeders that exhibit four key derived characters of chordates
        
        Urochordata (tunicates)
        
        Marine suspension feeders, larvae display derived traits of chordates
        
        dorsal, hollow nerve cord, post anal tail,and pharyngeal slits
        
        Unique water vascular system; endoskeleton, dorsal, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail
      - Ecdysozoa
        
        Nematoda (roundworms)
        
        Tapered ends, no circulatory system, undergoes ecdysis
        
        No circulatory system; undergo ecdysis, jointed appendages, exoskeleton
      - Lophotrochozoa
        
        Annelida (segmented worms)
        
        Coelom; body wall and internal organs are segmented (except the digestive tract which is unsegmented
        
        Mollusca (clams, snails, squids)
        
        Hemocoel; reduced coelom; three main body parts (muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle) most have hard shell made of calcium carbonate
        
        Syndermata (rotifers and acanthocephalans)
        
        Hemocoel; rotifers have alimentary canal (digestive tube with mouth and anus) and jaws (trophil); acanthocephalans are parasites of vertebrates
        
        Lophophorates
        
        Ectoprocta/Brachiopoda
        
        have lophophores (feeding structures bearing ciliated tentacles
        
        Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
        
        Nobody cavity; dorsoventrally flattened; gastrovascular cavity or no digestive tract
        
        distinctive, horseshoe-shaped feeding structure called a lophophore, and/or a distinctive larval form known as a trochophore
      - Distinct front, back, top, bottom; An antero-posterior axis (rather than an oral-aboral axis); Bilateral symmetry
    - - Unique stinging structures (nematocysts) housed in specialized cells (cnidoctyes); diploblastic; radially symmetrical; gastrovascular cavity (digestive with a single opening