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Speech-Language impairments, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,…
Speech-Language impairments
Things like stuttering can be a speech impairment. Unfortunately, this can compound on top of other disabilities, such as autism.
This can manifest in a number of ways, such as issues in articulating properly, trouble with specific letters or words, etc.
Perhaps one of the most devastating forms is Aphasia. Beyond the obvious challenges that come with this, learning becomes drastically more difficult. Had a cousin who experienced this, if I'm remembering correctly.
In Indiana, it can have an IEP for it.
While the full article is frustratingly locked, the abstract certainly is worth reading.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Technically under OHI, rather than its own category.
3-7% of school age children are diagnosed. I wonder how many of those kids grow out of it?
Causes are neurobiological and/or genetic. I wonder if the cause has any bearing on the displayed symptoms?
Three primary types, inattentive, hyperactive, or combined, which is the most common. Students must display characteristics must be present for 6 months, before age 12, present in multiple settings.
An additional resource about diagnosing children with ADHD.
High-functioning Autism
Autism is on a spectrum due to a set of basic characteristics that are present across multiple other symptoms. Those 3 main characteristics are: social interaction, language, and how to behave.
Like many others, the cause of Autism is not entirely known, thought to be structural or functional. It is extremely prevalent, and is more commonly found in males.
Most of them are in the general education for most of the day.
Symptoms range from things like not picking up on social cues to non-verbal. It's wide spectrum.
An interesting article about autism and children.
Specific learning disabilities
Encompasses a large variety of disabilities, with a wide variety of potential symptoms.
Affects males more than females, with a multitude of sources, from genetic, environmental, organic and unknown.
Potentially tricky to figure out, as it can manifest in a number of ways, as well as identifying it requires an IQ-Achievement discrepancy model (test, I believe) and RTI, at least in Indiana, meaning that some other factors could either obscure or mislead.
This is a useful broad look at the disability, but depending on the given disability, it would be useful to find resources for that specific disability.
Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities
Males are much more likely to be diagnosed than females, by 3.5 times.
Root source is not entirely understood at all.
External symptoms vs. Internal symptoms, as an example, if a student is quietly crying at their desk, and another is throwing a desk around, one is clearly external and the other is internal.
Genuinely useful article.
Intellectual Disability
Vast majority is in the range of mild-to-moderate. Diagnosis is based on IQ.
Adaptive behavior is something people with an Intellectual disability have to be taught, that rather than just innately learning it, such as how to go about one's daily life.
There are multiple causes, from genetic, environmental, and brain structure. I've seen and heard of examples of this in my day-to-day life and job.
An interesting and likely important article to read.