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WORLD WAR 1 BY: Gurleen Brar - Coggle Diagram
WORLD WAR 1 BY: Gurleen Brar
SPARK THAT CAUSED WW1
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July 28 - Emperor Franz Joseph of
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
July 31 - As an ally of Serbia, Russia declares war on germany.
August 1 , Germany declares war on Russia.
August 3, Germany declared war on France.
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August 4th, Germany declares war on natural Belgium and invades to quickly takeover France. Which led to Britain declaring war on Germany.
August 6, Austria-Hungary declares war on Germany.
The spark that caused WW1 to begin occurred in Sarajevo, Bosnia. This is where Archduke Franz Ferdinand who was heir to the Austro Hungarian Empire was shot to death with his wife by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914.
CAUSES
MILITARISM- Is the policy of glorifying the military and military power. As well a buildup of military strength within a country and keeping an army prepared. EXAMPLE OF MILITARISM- By 1914 Germany had the greatest military build up. As well both Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies.
ALLIANCES- Is a agreement between two or more countries. Countries will form alliances to strengthen there positions in the word.
EXAMPLE OF ALLIANCES- Britian, France, and Russia formed the triple entente. Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy joined the triple alliances.
IMPERIALISM- Is a policy in which a strong nation tries to dominate other countries. Politically, socially, and economically.
EXAMPLE OF IMPERIALISM-
The expansion of European countries like Britain and France. European countries fought to gain control of Africa and parts of Asia. They wished to have the resources theses areas provided. As well they wished to form and establish powerful empires.
NATIONALISM- Is the excessive pride in one's own nation. Was growing years before WW1.
EXAMPLE OF NATIONALISM- France, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany all tried to prove the nation's importance through weapons, and building up armies.
CANADA GOES TO WAR
Canada was in charge of there internal affairs but the British goverement controlled the countries foreign affairs. This meant when Britain declared war on Germany in August 1914 Canada was also at war.
WEAPONS OF WAR
The war heavily depended on wether allies could discover or make deadly weapons before others.
Tanks were designed to cross trenches and go right threw barb wire and any other obstacles.
By 1914 Germany and Britain had both developed diesel powered sumbmarines armed with torpedoes to fire at unknown ships.
At the beginning of war airplanes were used for just observing and taking pictures of enemy territory but then eventually the German's and Britain's developed technology that mounted machine guns to planes.
Later on in war airplanes were designed to carry bombs as well.
HOW A GUN CHANGED WAR
The British and French commander were ensure about having machine guns as they were heavy and hard to carry. Which lead to the allies only issuing two machine guns per battalion. Germans had way more trust and confidence in the machine gun so they stockpiled thousands. They were placed right on their front lines where they could shoot attackers from a distance. This lead to the allied soldiers at a hopeless disadvantage. When the allied soldiers did receive machine guns war became more about killing.
POSINOUS GAS
In April 1915 the Germans introduced a deadly new weapon chlorine gas. This gas burned eyes and lungs. Causing victims to choke and die
TRENCHES
Trenches were long narrow ditches that were dug into the ground where soldiers lived. They were very muddy, uncomfortable, smelly, and gross. These conditions caused soldiers to develop problems like trench foot.
TRENCH WARFARE
During WW1 trench warfare was a defensive military tactic used by both sides allowing soldiers some protection from enemies. As well hindering troops from advancing which prolonged the war. Trench warfare was a big combat tactic in France and Belgium.
BATTLES OF WW1
THE WAR AT SEA
Both Britain and Germany used ships to transport and supply food and materials. Which led to each side using the navy to sink as many of the enemies supplies of possible.
When the war began Germany had more U-boats then the Britians. They tried to cut off the allies supplies. To solve this issue the allies set up convoys. Ships gathered at Halifax and Nova Scotia and travelled in packs to detect and sink U-boats. Once the convoy system was put in place fewer ships were sunk. In 1915 a U-boat torpedoed the Lusitania a British passenger liner that was also carrying war supplies to Britain. More than half of the passengers which included 128 american passengers went down with the ships. This incident and sinking of two other American ships is said to be the reason leading up to them joining the allies.
WW1 helped speed the growth of the Canadian Navy.
THE WAR IN THE AIR
When WW1 began Canada had no Air Force. About 22,800 Canadians served as pilots, gunners, mechanics and air crew under the British Royal Corps or the Royal Naval Air Force. During the war Britain began to train pilots in Canada. The planes at the start of war were just used to take pictures of enemy territory but now were being used to attack the enemies. Flying the airplanes were dangerous. The cockpits had no protection and had to fly over enemy territory without being shot down. Fighter pilots who shot down five to more planes were called aces.
THE BATTLE OF SOMME
Started on July 1, 1916. It was one of the biggest and most tragic war. It lasted over five months and the allies had over 600,000 casualties. On the 1st day 100,000 men attacked 20,000 dead and 40,000 wounded. By November 19,1916 the Allies gained 7 miles since July 1st. It was the worst military loss in British history.
Significance- It was the first time they introduced the creeping barrage. Which was laying artillery fire in front of advancing troops. It failed. It resulted in the mass killing of British and Canadian troops. Brought in the new weapon the tank. It was the first time it was used. Tanks terrified the German defenders.
THE BATTLE OF YPRES
-It took place in April 1915. It was an experiment by the Germans who were concentrating on the eastern front.
Germans attacked the Canadian forces who were not prepared for those ways of war. Canadians stood their ground and won.
SIGNIFICANCE
It was the first time Gas had been introduced. Allied high commanders had been warned but failed to tell the front line soldiers. The French fled from the front line, Canadians held their lines and did not have gas masks at first. They tied urine smoked rags around there noses and mouths to prevent the gass going into there masks.
THE BATTLE OF PASSCHENDALE
Took place in the Fall of 1917. Included the Canadian and Australian/ New Zealand corps. Due to the wet conditions artillery shells would get stuck in the mud and not explode. October 26, Canadians broke the 1st Flanders positions and advanced 500 yards but faced many casualties. By November 6 Canadians had captured all of Passchendaele.
THE BATTLE OF VIMY RIDGE
Took place on April, 9 1917. This area had been controlled by the Germans since 1914. Many attacks had failed first the French and then the british. The Canadians took Vimy Ridge. A successful battle of World War One where all four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time. A proud moment for Canada. Germans were located on top of the ridge and the Canadians had to find away to surprise them. Major General Arthur Currie was the first Canadian promoted to general after the victory at Vimy Ridge. He became commander of all Canadian corps. It was first time the creeping barrage was successful.
JUTLAND
Took place in May 1916. Was the only major sea battle in WW1. Happened of the coast of Denmark. The British lost more ships than the Germans but they still outnumbered the German navy and were able to take control of the seas. German navy returned to port and near sailed out again.
CANADA'S 100 DAYS
Took place on August 8 to November 11, 1918. Canadians were used as storm troopers. Elite, strong, ready for battle sent to push the Germans back. They recaptured territory in France and Belgium that was lost at the start of the war by the Geramans. Canadians advanced and captures 31,537 prisoners. Which helped lead to the end of the war November 11,1918. Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated his throne and fled to the Netherlands. The new German government asked for armistice.
FIANCING THE WAR EFFORT
In order to fight the war the Canadian government required money. To transport,feed and pay soldiers. As well for weapons. The war effort was costing the government 1 million dollars per day. To raise money the govermnet offered victory bonds. People who bought these were lending money to the govermnet. This was voluntary. They made posters that would appeal to Canadas patrisom. The government also issued business taxes in 1916 and introduces a tax on income in 1917. The income tax was suppose to be temporary but is still in place.
PROPAGANDA
During WW1 propaganda was a very effective strategy. The Canadian government used propaganda to get men to enlist by invoking there pride and honour. They would suggest it was there duty. As well they used propaganda to raise money for war by saying it was there duty to do so.
THE WAR MESSAURES ACT
In 1914 the Canadian government passed the war messaurses act. Which would help respond in war. The act gave the government the power to pass laws without the approval of the parliament while Canada was at war.
CONSCRIPTION
When WW1 first began the govermnet had no problem getting people to enlist in the army. But with the hours of war many did not want to enlist. As well many landed high paying jobs in the war industries and did not want to go to war. Britain was pressing Canada for reinforcmnets.So prime minister Robert Borden passed the military act in July 1917. This act said that all men age 18-45 were required to enlist.With some exceptions. Many supported the act but Liberal leader and former prime minister Sir Wilfred Laurier disagreed. He did not agree with pope being forced to enlist. The conscription caused many violent riots and problems between French and British Canadians.
THE END OF WW1
The Germans surrendered because they believed they could not win and called for a truce.
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The Treaty of Versailles ensured that Germany would take the blame of WW1. It would ensure that Germany would never rise to power again .
PARIS PEACE CONFRENCE
The Paris peace conference took place on January 1919 in Paris. It was an agreement to ensure a world war would not happen again.
WOMANS CHANGING ROLE
In 1914 not everyone was allowed to vote. In 1916 the Manitoba government gave woman the right to vote. By 1917 women in Ontario, Saskatchewan , and British Columbia were allowed to vote provincially but due to the backlash of the conscription women were finally allowed to vote Federally. Women back then were meant to stay home do the cleaning and cooking as well take care of the kids. But when men were sent off to war many women had to step up and do jobs that were viewed as men only jobs. Women finally could work though they would get payed less and were viewed as temporary until the men came back.