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physics - Coggle Diagram
physics
mains electricity
direct current= flows in one direction
alternating current= regularly changesdirection
copper wirse= good conductors
plastic= good insulator
energy(j)= power(w) x time(s)
minutes-seconds=minutesx60
power(w)=potential difference(v) x current(a)
transformer= electrical device that increases or decreases pd(v) of alternating current
step up transformer= increases voltage
step-down transformer= reduces voltage
power disspiated= power x current²x resistance
static electricity= charge accumilated on an insulated object- because of friction
energy
energy stores=
magnetic
energy stored when repelling poles pushed together or attracting pulled further apart
thermal
total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object
chemical
energy stored in chemical bonds
kinetic
energy of a moving object
electrostatic
energy stored when repelling charges move closer and attracting pulled apart
elastic potential
energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed
gravitational potential
energy of an object at height
nuclear
energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
calculating energy changes
kinetic energy(j)= 1/2 x mass(kg) x speed(m/s)²
Ek=1/2mv²
elastic potential energy(j) =1/2 x spring constant(n/m) x extension(m)²
Ee=1/2ke²
gravitational potential energy(j) =mass(kg) x gravitational feild strength(n/kg) x height (m)
Ep=m g h
conduction
conductor= material that allows thermal energy through it easily
insulator= material that will mot allow the easy flow of energy
thermal conductivity= measure of how well a materual conducts electricity when heated
specific heat capacity= energy need to raise 1 kg of substance by 1c
change in thermal energy=massx specific heat capacity x temp.change
transfering energy
mechanical work= a force moving an object through a distance
electrical work=charges moving due to a potential difference
heating= temperature difference caused electrically or by chemical reaction
radiation= energy transfered as a wave
energy transfered=work done (j)
work done depends on= size of force, distance
work done= force x distance
w= f x d
density(kgm³) mass(kg) / volume(m³)
sublimation=solid turning straigt to gas without being liquid first