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Malcolm X, - Coggle Diagram
Malcolm X
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Aims
He argued for black power, black self-defense and black economic autonomy, and encouraged racial pride
He saw Christianity as a religion for the white man, fine-tuned to perpetuate subjugation of the black race
He did not believe that the civil rights movement's goal of racial integration through nonviolence was realistic or moving in the right direction for black Americans
His fiery rhetoric incited fear, and critics condemned the Nation of Islam as a cult
Methods
He spoke passionately at rallies - big gatherings - and events and lots of people listened to his messages
Unlike Martin Luther, who encouraged non-violent protests, Malcolm X said that black people should protect themselves "by any means necessary"
He also disagreed with Martin Luther King Jr's ambition of an America where black and white people lived together - Malcolm didn't believe in that vision and wanted a separate nation just for black people
Change in Motivations
Disenchanted with corruption in the nation of Islam, which suspended him in December 1963 after he claimed that President John F. Kennedy’s assassination was “the chickens coming home to roost,” Malcolm X left the organization for good.
A few months later, he traveled to Mecca, where he underwent a spiritual transformation: "The true brotherhood I had seen had influenced me to recognize that anger can blind human vision," he wrote
In June 1964, he founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity, which identified racism, and not the white race, as the enemy of justice
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His more moderate philosophy became influential, especially among members of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
In January 1965, he revealed in an interview that the OAAU would “support fully and without compromise any action by any group that is designed to get meaningful immediate results” (Malcolm X, Two Speeches, 31)
Malcolm urged civil rights groups to unite, telling a gathering at a symposium sponsored by the Congress of Racial Equality: “We want freedom now, but we’re not going to get it saying ‘We Shall Overcome.’ We've got to fight to overcome” (Malcolm X, Malcolm X Speaks, 38)
Success
Malcolm X was assassinated by a Black Muslim at an Organization of Afro-American Unity rally in the Audubon Ballroom in New York City on February 21, 1965.
Malcolm X had predicted that he would be more important in death than in life, and had even foreshadowed his early demise in his book, The Autobiography of Malcolm X
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