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Operation Planning - Coggle Diagram

- - - - some economies of scale
      - faster production with lower unit costs than job production
      - some flexibility in design of product in each batch
      - high levels of stocks at each production stage
      - unit costs likely to be higher than with flow production
  - - - low unit costs due to constant working of machines, high labour productivity and economies of scale
      - inflexible – of en very dif icult and timeconsuming to switch from one type of product to another
      - expensive to set up flow-line machinery
  - - - This production method tends to be expensive,
      - Often takes a long time to complete
      - Usually labour intensive and needs to be highly skilled and this is not always easy to achieve.
      - Price of the product is usually expensive
  - - - expensive product redesign may be needed to allow key components to be switched to allow variety
      - combines low unit costs with flexibility to meet customers’ individual requirements
      - expensive flexible capital equipment needed
- - - - lower product development costs
      - ■ increased productivity
      - ■ improved product quality
      - ■ faster time-to-market
      - ■ good visualization of the final product and its constituent parts
      - ■ great accuracy, so errors are reduced
      - ■ easy re-use of design data for other product applications
    - - ■ complexity of the programs
      - ■ need for extensive employee training
      - ■ large amounts of amount of computer processing power required and this is can be expensive
- - - - ■ precise manufacturing and reduced quality problems –compared to production methods controlled by people
      - ■ faster production and increased labour productivity
      - ■ more flexible production allowing quick changeover from one product to another
      - integrating with CAD, CAM allows more design variants of a product to be produced, which means that niche products can be produced as well as mainstream mass market products. This increased customization increases the competitiveness of businesses in both small and large market segments.
    - - cost of hardware, programs and employee training – these costs may mean that smaller businesses cannot access the benefits of CAM – although technology is becoming cheaper
      - hardware failure – breakdowns can and do occur and they can be complex and time-consuming to solve