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2b The use of ocean energy and mineral resources is a contested issue -…
2b The use of ocean energy and mineral resources is a contested issue
Oil and gas
Sustainable/positive
Employment opportunities/ multiplier effect
240,000 US Gulf energy
Rigs act as artificial reefs
Shipping made safer less oil spills
Gives a area wealth and raw materials
Unsustainable/negative
Non-renewable
Local communities may become reliant - Negative in the future
Ecosystem damage on the seabed and due to noise
Negative visual impacts
Oil spills
High investment upfront
Prices are volitile with varying demand
Tidal energy
Unsustainable/negative
Noise and vibrations disturbs marine life
Change in water quality due to limited flow
Very expensive
Disruptive to fisheries
Impact on Cornwall where stone is quarried
Can only be in places where the tidal range is large enough
Disrupts sediment Movement
Concerns about cost of electricity produced
Sustainable/positive
Reliable, regular, predictable
produces power 16 hours a day
Low CO2 emissions when built
120 year lifetime
Renewable flow source
Low lifetime carbon footprint
Creates local employment
Creates tourism and recreation opportunities
Other infomation
Construction of a sam like structure across the coastline, gates open when the tide rises when falls gate releases water through turbines
Show Lake-South Korea, largest working tidal energy plant built in 2011, improved water quality, provides for over 200,000 homes
Swansea Bay proposal £1 Billion for 150,000 homes, not been built
Wave energy
Sustainable/positive
Low CO2 energy production
Production of waves is reliable
Renewable-created by wind
Seen as working in Orkney
Unsustainable/negative
Needs to be used in high energy areas
High energy damages equipment unless made robust
However, this increased weight and cost and reduces the efficiency
High cost of servicing equipment
Other information
Converting the rise and fall of water
Some submerged such as the wave roller
Finnish- flaps vertical in shallow water moving developing pressure in a hydraulic system creating energy
Pelamis, elongated steel tube as rise and fall produces energy
Sea floor mining
Sustainable/positive
Minerals in higher concentrations
Copper 10x
Minerals collected used for green tech
Socially better than child labour
Miniing a small area of sea better than a large amount of land
Allows more of much needed minerals
Unsustainable/negative
Mining focused on little understood areas around hydrothermal vents which could cause unknown damage
Could lose undiscovered species
Release of mine tailings cases cloudy water reducing light penetration
Destroys ecosystems
Volatile prices and high investment may not be economically viable
Manganese modules were found to be unprofitable
Some countries may use these negatively
China for missiles