Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Statics: Study of fluids at rest in equilibrium situations.
Fluid Dynamics: Study of fluids in motion,
Fluids is any substances that is free flowing which included liquids and gases. It is a non-rigid body.
Density: Mass per unit volume.
Pressure: Force per unit area
PASCAL'S LAW: Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every part of the fluid.
Absolute pressure: Total pressure in the fluid
Gauge Pressure: Difference between absolute temperature and atmospheric pressure
Hydrostatics Equilibrium: Net force on the fluid is zero. It has equal pressure on opposite direction. Pressure difference gives rise to a net force.
Pressure in a fluid at rest: The pressure difference between points 1 and 2 in a static fluid of uniform density is proportional to the difference between elevation y1 and y2.
This eqn shows when y increase, p decrease
If the pressure is at rest at the surface of incompressible liquid at rest is P0, then the pressure at depth h is greater by an amount ρhg.
SHAPE of container does not matter.
Buoyancy
ARCHIMEDE'S PRINCIPLE: When a body is immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward buoyant force on the body equal to the weight of the fluid that body displaces.
Surface Tension: The surface of a liquid behaves like a membrane under tension. It arises because the molecules of the liquid exert attractive forces on each other.
Ideal fluid - fluid that is incompressible (density cannot change) and has no internal friction (viscosity)
Continuity Equation - Mass of moving fluid doesn't change as it flows
Steady flow - Overall flow pattern does not change with time
Streamline - Curve whose tangent at any point is in the direction of the fluid velocity at that point
Flow tube - tube formed by flow lines passing through the edge of an imaginary element of area.
Flow line - path of an individual particle in a moving fluid