Unit 5 State of matter (Jasmine, but a lot of them by Curtis and Ken)

States of matter

Changing state

Particle theory

Explanining changes of state

Melting

Evaporation

If you leave ice in a warm place it melts and becomes liquid water.

A puddle of water will gradually disappear as it changes to water vapour, an invisible gas. This is called evaporation. Warmer water evaporates more quickly.
If you heat water until it's temperature reaches 100 celsius, it will boil. Now all of the water changes rapidly to steam. 100 celsius is the boiling point of water.

Condensation


If the water vapour or steam, touches something cold, it condenses and changes back into liquid water. This is called condensation.

Freezing

If you place liquid water in the freezer, it freezes and becomes ice.
These changes are known as changes of state.

Solids

Liquids

Gases

Solid particles do not move. When they are hitt, the particles in the solid will vibrate instead of moving like particles in water and gases. The particles in solids are the most not free ones.

Gas particles do not touch each other, they move very freely and long apart.

Liquid particles touch each other. The particles held together weakly, and they takes shape the container they're in. So that means that they do not have their own shape.

Solids

Liquids

take the shape the container their are in.

Gases

can be poured and moved through gaps.

cannot be squashed.

takes up the same amount of space.

keep the same shape

take the same amount of space.

keep the same volume

cannot be squashed

cannot be poured

fill to any closed container they are in.

flow like liquid

very easy to be squashed.

can change volume

weigh very little.

can not been see or feel

small them

Heating solids

The solid expand and the heat energy transferred to the particles. The particle finally takes up more space and form liquid (Solid to Liquid).

Boiling liquids

the liquid evaporate because the energy is transferred to them and break the attractive forces. They now form gas(Liquid to Gas).

Cooling gases

Freezing liquids

The gas is free but then it reaches a cold surface and the heat energy transfer from the particles to the surface, which is called condenssing (gas to liquid).

When liquid is put in a place that the temperature is lower than 0 celsius it will freeze and become ice (Liquid to Solid).

Melting solids

The solid vibrate and the heat energy was transferred to them. The forces are not longer enough to hold them do they are able to slide past each other.(Solid to Liquid)