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Ch.11 The System Unit of a Computer System - Coggle Diagram
Ch.11 The System Unit of a Computer System
System Unit
Storage Devices
Motherboard
Memory chips
Expansion slots
CPU
Processing
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Registers
Control Register
Program Counter (PC)
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Memory Data Register (MDR)
Instruction Register (IR)
Status Register
General Purpose Register (GPRS)
Base register (BX)
Counter (CX)
Accumulator (AX)
Data register (DX)
Input
Output
Though bus line
Address bus
Control bus
Data bus
Additional Boards
Circuitry that connects the components
Power Supply
Peripheral
Output
Storage
Input
Communication
Machine Cycle
Sub-Cycle
Decode
Execute
Fetch
(Interrupt )
CPU speed
Clock rate
Megahertz (MHz)
Gigahertz (GHz)
Word length
(Number of bits and data can handle at one time. )
Advantage
More data can be processed in one time.
More instructions can be included in the instruction set.
More complicated instructions can be included in the instruction
Main Memory
2 Major type
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Definition
Access time is just a hundredth of hard disk
Volatile = all data stored in RAM disappears instantly after the computer is turned off
Temporarily hold the data and instructions of application software and the operation system
Measurement unit
Bytes (B)
Kilobytes (KB)
Megabytes (MB)
Gigabytes (GB)
Terabytes (TB)
Two main streams
Static random access memory(SRAM)
Dynamic random access memory(DRAM)
Read-only Memory (ROM)
Two types
Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM)
Electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM)
Definition
Contain the bootstrap program which loads and initializes the operation system of the computer.
Store the permanent information supplied by the manufacturer
Non-volatile
Store basic input/output system (BIOS)
Cache memory
Store data and instructions that
have been recently used by the CPU
Integrated into a CPU or resided close to a CPU
High-speed memory
Latest Development of CPU and Main Memory
The future development of the CPU in the future has focused on the integration of more cores into the CPU.