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CELL (Ch 2A) - Coggle Diagram
CELL (Ch 2A)
PLANT CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
CELL
WALL
enclose plant cell
tough & rigid
finely interwoven network
formed during telophase
most advanced stage of mitosis
FUNCTION
protection & support
determine
plant shape
size
regulates movement
in & out
cell to cell communication
COMPOSITION
cellulose
pectic compounds (pectin)
hemicellulose
lignin
protein
suberin
cutin
PARTS OF CELL WALL
PRIMARY WALL
thin & elastic
abundant hemicellulose
other compound
pectic substances
cellulose
formed while cell is growing
SECONDARY WALL
less flexible
almost inelastic
formed after growth has stopped
mainly cellulose
almost pure
PLASMODESMATA (plural)
special cell opening
primary cell wall
thru w/c plasmalemma & ER are continuous
secondary cell wall
MIDDLE LAMELLA
thin membrane
cement
wall
adjacent cells
abundant calcium pectate
cementing material bet. cells
CELL/PLASMA
MEMBRANE
also
plasmalemma
thin, delicate, flexible layer
protein & fat
surround outside of cell
semi-permeable membrane
adjacent
interior wall
protoplast/cytoplasm & its inclusions
FUNCTION
regulate mat. entry
in & out of cell
block entry
toxic compounds
in cytoplasm
allow entry of certain mat
restrict entry of other mat.
block passage out
COMPOSITION
phospholipid molecule
phosphate head
hydrophilic
lipid tail
hydrophobic
CYTOPLASM
everything bet. cell membrane & nucleus
jelly like substance
contain organelles
FUNCTION
general storage
working area of cell
food nutrients
received, processed & used
waste products
removed
MAIN COMPONENT
CYTOSOL
jelly-like mixture
mostly water
proteins, carbs, salts, minerals
ORGANELLES
structures
mini organs
specific functions
VACUOLE
liquid-filled
bubble-like
contain water
dissolved minerals
membrane-bound bodies
contain substances in dilute solution for
food storage
food vacuole
removal of waste
excretory vacuole
water storage in plants
central vacuole
bounded by single lipoprotein membrane
tonoplast
semi permeable membrane
enclose cell sap
FUNCTION
maintenance of turgor
outward pressure
water content of vacuole
against/towards the cell membrane
rigid cell wall
support & control
water movement
sink for metabolic products/substrates
immature cell
meristematic region
vacuole = little, clear droplets
scattered in cytoplasm
cell maturity
vacuoles fuse together
one large vacuole
E.R.
membrane network/flattened channels
interconnected
system
membranous tubules & sacs
FUNCTION
provide channel
material transport
throughout cytoplasm
synthesis of chemicals
surface of chem activity
TYPES OF E.R.
ROUGH E.R.
w/ attached ribosomes
protein synthesis
protein storage & transport system
SMOOTH E.R.
no ribosomes
lipid & carbohydrate synthesis
detox of harmful subs
RIBOSOMES
submicroscopic particles
assiociated w/ ER
floating free in cytoplasm
phospholipid-ribonucleo-protein complex
has phospholipids, RNA & proteins
protein synthesis
production & construction
most numerous organelle in almost all cells
FUNCTION
protein synthesis
SUBUNITS/PARTS
SMALL
LARGE
PLANT CELLS STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS 2
MITOCHONDRION
slender rods/filaments
enclosed by 2 membrane
SMOOTH OUTER MEMBRANE
boundary
mitochondria
cytosol
INNER MEMBRANE
has long folds (
cristae
)
big space for chem reaction
powerhouse of the cell
energy provided by mitochondria
bio oxidations of proteins, fats & carbs
release energy
abundant in meristematic cells
high cell activity
mitochondria accumulate
DISTINCT STRUCTURES
CRISTAE
projecting folds of inner membrane
MATRIX
fluid space in center of mitochondria
site of chem reactions
produce ATP
high energy compound
releases/synthesized in mitochondria
dispersed thu out the cell
energy consuming areas
Adenosine Triphosphate
COMPONENTS
DNA
storage & transmission of info
RNA
protein synthesis
GOLGI BODIES
flattened smooth surfaced sacs
stacked on top of others
system of membranes
made of flattened sacs
CISTERNAE
FUNCTIONS
site of processing & packaging
cell secretions/products
protein
processing, packaging, & secreting organelle
works closely w/ ER
modify protein
for export
DISTINCT STRUCTURES
CISTERNAE
stack of flattened membrane
VESICLES
small spherical structures
CYTOSKELETON
network
long protein strands
in cytosol
not surrounded by membrane
TYPES OF STRUCTURES
MICROFILAMENTS
not hollow
have structure that looks like rope
2 twisted protein chain
ACTIN
MICROTUBULES
hollow
like pipe
largest strand of cytoskeleton
made up of a protein
TUBULIN
FUNCTIONS
maintain cell shape
tracks for organelles to move
cell division
microtubule bundle (
SPINDLE FIBER
)
come together & extend
assist chromosome movement
PLASTIDS
round/oval bodies
contain pigments
not in animal cells
make/store food
TYPES
CHLOROPLAST
algae, plants
chlorophyll
more complex than mitochondria
FUNCTION
photosynthesis
convert sun energy and co2
sugar & oxygen
encloses
THYLAKOIDS
system of flattened membrane sacs
photosynthesis occurs
green
chlorophyll
absorb sunlight energy
LEUCOPLAST
pigments for
COLORLESS APPEARANCE
starch grain (rice), potatoes, radish
oil storage
ELAIOPLASTS
starch storage
AMYLOPLASTS
CHROMOPLAST
red, yellow, orange pigments
carrot, flower, tomato, etc
plastids
make & store
carotenoid pigments
NUCLEUS
Robert Brown
discover
1835
control/direct
enzyme synthesis
catalyze metabolic reactions
control cell physiology
immature cell
nucleus = spherical body centrally located in cytoplasm
mature cell
located to one side of the cell
cytoplasm is pressed against cell wall by the vacuole
PARTS
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/ENVELOPE
surround nucleus
separate from cytoplasm
double layered
porous tissue
control movement of subs
in & out of nucleus
NUCLEOPLASM
fluid portion of nucleus
OTHER STRUCTURES
NUCLEOLUS
deeply stained spherical body
contain RNA
makes ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
ribonucleic acid
manufacture & export of ribosomes
predecessor
to cytoplasm
protein synthesis
rRNA
leave nucleus
join certain protein
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CHROMOSOMES
linear DNA strand
elongated, thread-like
visible only during cell division
contains genes
hereditary info
linear arrangement
basic units of heredity
composed
DNA
protein
GENES
passed from gen to gen
units of control in diff cell acts
code units
transmission of heredity info
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CYTOLOGY
cellular biology
study
cell structure
cell physiology
DISTINCT TYPES OF CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
unicellular
no nucleus
no organelles
ex
monerans
bacteria
cyanobacteria
blue-green algae
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
multicellular
w/ nucleus & organelles
ex
animals
plants
definition
basic structural, functional, & biological unit
all org
Plant Cell Diagram
