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Vitamin E - Coggle Diagram
Vitamin E
digestion-->storage
Digestion
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Pancreatic esterase ( such as duodenal mucosal esterase/carboxyl ester hydrolase) function in lumen/ brush border membrane of enterocytes to hydrolyze tocotrienols and synthetic ester apha-tocopherols for absorption
Absorption
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Bile salts used to emulsify and form micelle allow vitamin to diffuse across the membrane of the enterocyte
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Transport
In Enterocyte the absorbed vitamin are incorporated in the chylomicron for transport through the lymph then into circulation
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Storage
within cells vitamin E primarily found in cell membrane such as plasma (mitochondrial and microsomal membranes)
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The largest amount (over 90%) of vitamin is in an unesterfied form in fat droplets in adipose tissue
Introduction
Contains 8 Vitamers has 2 classes tocopherols (saturated side chains) and tocotrienols unsaturated side chains)
all 8 vitamers contains phenolic functional group on a chromane ring (head of the whole molecule) and phytyl chain attached as a side chain
Each class has 4 vitamers which differ by number and location of methyl groups ...only alpha-tocopherol has biological activity that meet the body's need + the body cannot interconvert
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History
Tocopherol= toco(childbirth) and phero( to bear forth or bringforth)...cam from rats who were fed with rancid lard and could not reproduce
Vitamin k was discovered by H.Evans and K.bishop in the early 1920s (wheat germ oil provided the needed vitamin and was extracted from this)
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Functions
Antioxidant role
It can prevent the oxidation (peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid contained in the phospholipids of the membrane) this protects the membrane from destruction (lungs/brain and erythrocytes their cell membrane most easily oxidized)
Singlet molecular oxygen Destruction: That molecule is very reactive and destructive reacted with proteins lipids and DNA and can damage cellular components so need to be removed
Free radical termination: :the phenolic hydroxyl group provides hydrogen ions to free radical. Free radical can destroy cell membrane and other cellular components
Vitamin E and heart disease: antioxidant property of vit e enable to inhibit oxidation of ldl which causes plaque formation
Vitamin E and cancer: Free radical induced damage causes increased risk of cancer through the alteration of gene expression disruption of normal repair function and production of toxic compounds
Vitamin E and eye health: treatment and prevention of cataracts and age related macular degeneration
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Deficiency: rare..specific population at risk like premature infants fat malabsorption disorders (cystic fibrosis)
symptoms: skeletal muscle pain, weakness ceroid pigment accumulation hemolytic anemia degenerative neurological problems