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Marxism - Coggle Diagram
Marxism
- conflict, macro theory - believe society is based upon conflict - different to functionalists
- Believe economy shapes society & a capitalist society is unequal
- sees society as based around class differences - Ruling class (Bourgeoise) Working class (Proletariat)
- RC control, exploit and brainwash the WC who provide wage labour
- RC creates ideology imposed onto the WC - known as hegemony - makes them accept capitalist system and prevents the system being challenged
hegemony - RC hold ideological & moral leadership over society using ideas to prevent revolution - can do this by controlling institutions
WC not aware of exploitation (False-class consciousness) but they will get together and overthrow the government replacing it w/ communism
False-class consciousness - WC not aware that their situation is dire - taken on beliefs & values that benefit the RC
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- Karl Marx - pessimistic about capitalism - saw as greed, competition & pursuit of profit by RC
- Althusser - focused on institutions, family and education & how they function as ideological state apparatus - encouraging WC to accept system
- Gramsci - focused on hegemony - idea that RC develop ideologies imposed upon WC - these prevent revolution & capitalism is maintained
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- First critical theory to explain inequalities in society
- illustrate power of economy in shaping relationships & ideas and offering a solution or alternative to society
- 1/3 of planet was ruled under this idea in 1900 - influential
- Many ideas still relevant today - see capitalism spread around the world
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- focus on class - argued this is becoming less relevant than other factors - ethnicity e.g
- Communist Revolution did not happen universally - wasn't successful where it did
- Argued society has become fairer - e.g. expansion of welfare state offering free healthcare
- fail to consider social mobility - WC can move up ladder
- ARGUABLY inequality can be a good thing