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Food security - Coggle Diagram

- - - - insufficient national food availability
      - insufficient access to food by households and individuals
  - - - famine
  - - - poor health/illness 'depresses appetite, inhibiting the absorption of the nutrients in food and consuming calories and other nutrients while fighting off and recovering from illness, leaving less energy and nutrients available for growth and weight maintenance (Ramalingaswarni et al., 1996)'
- - - - percentage of malnourised peoples steadily increasing
      - chronic food security and threats of famine endemic amongst pop across the region
        
        food security a critical concern for development of African nations
- - - - greatly surpoasses other countries in terms of highest rates of child malnutrition (smith et al, 1999)
        
        50% of all children under 5 (smith et al, 1999)
        
        problem in south asian context is food access rather than food availability (smith et al,1999)
- - - - 'consumption of food is sufficient, secure (not vulnerable to consumption shortfalls and sustainable (Maxwell, 1996)
    - - Global food availability (smith et al, 1999)
        
        determined by global food production
      - national food availability
        
        determined by domestic food production, food stocks, and net national imports (imports - exports), incl food aid) (smith et al, 1999)
    - - Household and individual access to food
        
        household
        
        Determined by 'full' income
        
        full implying
        
        Production or gathering of food
        
        using cash to buy food on market
        
        receipts of in-kind transfers of food (private citizens, national or foreign govs and international institutions).
        
        within households
        
        individual access
        
        influenced by intrahouse food distribution decisions
    - - nutrition security
        
        Required for active and healthy living
        
        'An individual is nutritionally secure when he or she has secure access to a nutritionally adequate diet and the food consumed is biologically utilized such that adequate performance is maintained in growth, resisting or recovering from disease, pregnancy, lactation, and physical work' (Frankenberger et al., 1997a, b, 1).
    - - 4 fundamental requirements of food
        
        availability of food resources
        
        access to food resources
        
        sufficient consumption of food
        
        appropriate use of food in a sanitary and nutritious manner
        
        (Hussein, 2002)