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ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA - Coggle Diagram
ENGLISH AS A
LINGUA FRANCA
definitions
Seidlhofer
(2011)
Speakers with different mother tongues
Contact language
Not a deficient/defective form
Different from EFL
Native speakers' norms
Speaking correclty
English as used in NNS - NNS interections
Actual use by NNS
Needed for mutual understanding
For NS English is a badge for their identity
No specific location
Outer circle
Expanding circle
PROS
international relations
cost-cutting
Business (BELF)
no translations
Access to wider sourches
Education and scientific advancements
Access to knowledge
Students learn through English
Universal in academic disciplines
Politically "egalitarian"
CONS
Language death
"Lingua frankensteinia"
Homogenisation of culture
"Americanization"
Difficult to ascertain
Reduction in learning other foreign languages
ELF scenarios
English voices
Different accents
broad span of sophistication and vocabulaury
other-language use
multilingual code-switching
careful crafting or unreflective speech
mix of styles and degrees of formality
misunderstanding and strategies to communicate
Strategies
Accomodation
Adapting the way you speak
Repetition
paraphrasing
self-repair
convergent
interlucor-oriented
Transparency
Remove idioms
Invent new idioms
Lexical creativity
clearness (clarity)
hearable (audible)
gentleman (gentle) reminder
immerge (immerse)
Collaborative interaction
high degree of participation
explicit appeal
asking for help
implicit appeal
non-verbal clues
self collaboration
self repair, rephrasing
collaborative hybridity
share resources to integrate
"Let it pass" principle
don't intervene immediatly
Intelligibility
Not crucial
word stress
pitch movement
vowel quality
"typical rhythm"
features of connected speech
assimilation
Crucial
Consonants (except "th")
Vowel length contrast
Tonic stress
Being a NS has no influence
practise listening wide range of varieties
increase intelligibility
adapt language to the context
Successful English speaker
Canagarajah
Features
Dropping third person present tense "s"
Confusing "who" and "which"
Overusing or not using "a" and "the"
Wrong forms in tag questions
Overusing prepositions
Repetition of same verbs
Using that-clauses instead of infinitive
Overdoing explicitness