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CH4 - General Features of cells - Coggle Diagram
CH4 - General Features of cells
Prokaryotes
no nucleus
simple cell structure
Archea
small cells
less common
often found in harsh areas
Bacteria
Small Cells
Abundant
Most harmless
some cause disease
Typical Bacteria Cell
Outside the plasma membrane
Glycocalyx
traps water
Appendages
pilli(attachment)
Flagella (movement)
Cell Wall
Protection/support
Inside the plasma membrane
Nucleoid region
Location of DNA
Ribosomes
Synthesis of proteins
Cytoplasm
contained within plasma membrane
Cell Theory
All living organisms made up of 1 or more cells
new cells come from pre-existing cells by cell devision
smallest unit of life
Eukaryotes
more complex cells
DNA enclosed withitn membrane-bound nucleus
Internal membranes from organelles
Eg. Animal ad Plant Cell
Plant Cell
only found in plants
Chromosome
= Site of photosynthesis
Captures light energy and synthesizes glucose
Central
Vacuole
= Site that provides storage; regulation of cell volume.
Cell
Wall
= Structure that provides cell support
Animal Cell
Lysosome
= Site where macromolecules are degraded
acid hydrolases
Digestion by endocytosis
Recycling: Autophagy
Centrosome
= Site where microtubules grow and centrioles are found
Both include these organelles
Ribosome
= Site of polypeptide synthesis
ER
Network of membranes that form flattened, fluid-filled tubules or cisternae
Rough
ER
= Site of protein sorting and secretion.
smooth
ER
- Site of detoxification and lipid synthesis. Calcium balance
Mitochondria
(semi-autonomous) = Site of ATP synthesis.
-
Cytosol
Site of many metabolic pathways.
inside plasma membrane
Chemical Reactions
Anabolism (dehydration)
Synthesis of cellular molecules and macromolecules
requires energy
Catabolism (hydration)
Breakdown of a molecule into smaller components
Golgi
= Site of modification, sorting, and secretion of lipids and proteins.
Cytoskeleton
Protein filaments that provide shape and aid in movement.
3 types of Proteins filaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Actin filaments
Motor Protein
uses ATP for movement
3 domains: head, hinge, tail
3 movements:
motor protein carries cargo
filament moves motor protein stays
both stay but action of motor protein bends filament
Peroxisome
= Site where hydrogen peroxide and other harmful molecules are broken down
Catalyze certain reactions that break down molecules
Catalase breaks down dangerous H2O2 into water and oxygen
Nucleus
Nucleus
= Area where most of the genetic material is organized and expressed.
Nucleolus
= Site for ribosome subunit assembly.
Nuclear
pore
= Passageway for molecules into and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear
envelope
=
Double membrane that encloses the nucleus.
Chromatin
= A complex of protein and DNA.
Plasma
Membrane
= Membrane that controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
Cell signaling
Cell adhesion
Membrane transport
Protein Sorting to Organelles
Post-translational Sorting
Synthesized in cytosol and sorted later
Most proteins for nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes
Co-Translational sorting
uses Vesicles
For ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane, and secreted proteins