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Motor system - Coggle Diagram
Motor system
Cerebrum
Frontal lobe
Fn
Physical motor actions: skeletal muscles, facial mvt, speech, language (Broca's area), occular mvts
Mental Executive functioning: plan, problem solve, motivation, judgement, decision making, impulse control, social behaviour, personality, memory, learning, reward, attention
Damage
Less spontaneous, less initiative, short attention span, difficulties w abstract problem solving
Muscles affected, motor mvts
Temporal lobe
Component
Primary auditory cortex: analyse tone patterns, sound properties
Fns
Formation of memories, integrate visual, auditory stimuli, attention, Wernicke's area (comprehend and unds written and spoken lang), olfactory aware and process
Damage
Visual agnosia, amnesia, high lvls distractibility
Parietal lobe
Fn
Touch, pain, temp, pressure, vibration + analyse, recognise and rmb these sensations + proprioception, integrate visual and auditory
Damage
Ix to manipulate objects, sensory neglect of half body, writing, reading, unable to receive and integrate somatosensory signals
Occipital lobe
Component
Primary visual cortex: analyse depth, integrate visual info from both eyes, conscious awareness visual stim
Damage
Motion blind, colour blind, prosopagnosia
Lateral sulcus
-separates F lobe from T lobe. Insular cortex: taste,
Central sulcus
-separates F lobe from P lobe
Pre-central sulcus-
primary
motor
cortex: control voluntary mvts of body. Receives planned motor impulses from cortical, subcortical areas of brain, sends impulses down brainstem, SC to muscles, motor homunculus
Primary sensory cortex
-higher centres of brain receive sensory info from body via PNS or other parts of CNS eg. pressure, temp, touch, proprioception
Surface aka cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Subcortical structures all connected: caudate nucleus, putamen (both form striatum) globus palidus (both these form lentiform nuclues)
Damage
Huntington's disease
Neurons degenerate, lose inhibitory abilities, mvts exaggerated, X purpose
Fn:
control voluntary motor mvts, procedural learning, habit learning, eye mvts, cognition, emotion, filter to prevent unwanted mvts, plan, refine slow continuous mvts
Parkinsons
Degeneration nerve cells, tracts in corpus striatum, decreased levels of dopamine coming from substantia nigra
Less voluntary mvts, weaker
Pre-motor cortex:
Plan, coordinate mvt
Brainstem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Fns
1) passageway for up, down neural tracts b/w cerebrum and SC
2) controls integrative, reflexive actions eg. respiration, consciousness, fns of CVS
3) cranial nerves project out from CNS, motor impulses from CNS to muscles
Cerebellum
Attached to back of brainstem
Neural connections w cerebral cortex, other parts of CNS
Fns
Coordinate voluntary gross, skilled motor actions, muscles will contract w correct amt of force, correct time
Walking, writing, speech
Regulate muscle tone, maintain balance, posture
Damage
Ataxia: disturb speed, range, direction of mvts, drunken char
Types of nervous systems
CNS
Brain and spinal cord
PNS
12 pairs cranial nerves, 31 pairs spinal nerves
Types of neurons
Motor neurons
Efferent, transmit neural impulses, causes muscle contractions
Sensory neurons
Afferent, carry info wrt sensory stimuli
Thalamus
Fn
Receives neural inputs of planned motor mvts from basal ganglia and cerebellum then pass onto cerebral cortex to interpret touch
Damage
Behavioural, cognitive changes, WFD